is the rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner.
Explosion
It is the result of a rapid expansion of gases, and it may occur from physical or mechanical change.
Explosion
It is a sudden, violent change of potential energy to work, which transfers to its surroundings in the form
of a rapidly moving rise in pressure called a ____
blast wave or shock wave
produces a strong supersonic pressure wave.
High order explosion
It occurs at or near its maximum theoretical detonation velocity.
High order explosion
It’s the explosion that occurs when everything
works right.
High order explosion
have a subsonic explosion and lack the high order explosive blast wave.
Low order explosions
It has less optimal efficiency of explosion due to many factors such as outdated explosives, moisture, improper placing or constructing.
Low order explosions
is the forced high heated air flow that propagates after the explosion.
Blast wind
Some of the roles of forensics in explosion are as follows:
✓ Identifying the manner of explosion i.e., if it is accidental or intentional.
✓ Identifying the cause, origin, and nature of the explosion.
✓ Identifying the explosive substance involved.
✓ Identifying victims.
✓ Recovering the explosive used or what is left of it.
✓ Knowing the extent of damage and its after-effect.
Motives in Cases of Intentional Bombing
Attention
• Political Extremism
• Hate
• Vandalism
• Vengeance
• Civil Rights
• Self-satisfaction
• Racketeering
• Monetary Gain
Since bombing produces massive effects, this is sometimes performed as a strategic move by those who are trying to gain a considerable amount of attention for their cause.
Attention
Due to their desire to force their political beliefs to everyone, political extremists often resort to execution of intentional bombings so as to induce fear.
Political Extremism
____ is a strong emotion that can a drive a person to take revenge on people, groups, or organizations that may have wronged them or caused them pain in any way. Thus, the
person does violent acts such as intentional bombings.
Hatred or Vengeance
Hatred
In the early times, especially when racism was prevalent, a lot of civil rights advocates and organizations became victims of racist attacks by intentional bombing.
Civil Rights
Intentional bombings may also be done by those who find pleasure or a sense of self- satisfaction after causing harm to a large number of people or damage to places and
establishments.
Self-satisfaction
Bombing may be of aid to the execution of criminal acts that involve extortion, or a scheme organized to extract illegal profits.
Racketeering
EXPLOSIVE RESIDUE ANALYSIS
a) Microscopy
b) Vapor Trace Analyzer (VTA)
c) Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
d) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
e) Greiss Reagents Visualization
f) Infrared Spectrophotometry
g) Capillary Electrophoresis
is a technique that makes use of microscopes in order to obtain an enlarged view of parts of the residue that cannot be seen by the naked eye.
Microscopy
it is the use of a microscope as a means of
visual examination
aids in sifting through evidence to find explosive residues from the scene.
Vapor Trace Analyzer (VTA)
It analyzes vapors of substances with low vapor pressure like explosives.
Vapor Trace Analyzer (VTA)
In this method, various explosives can be conveniently separated through the stationary and mobile phase analysis.
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
TLC is used to separate components of a mixture using the
____
stationary phase
