most prevalent of isms in western theatre
realism
what were the roots of the isms in the 19th century
Culture and technology shifts
What shift was related to realism
Shift to science and political figures
• Sigmund Freud
• Charles Darwin
stories about everyday people’s problems
Three writers of realism
• Anton Chekhov
• Henrik Ibsen
• Stanislovaski
Who wrote the Seagull?
Chekhov
When and where was the realism movement started
France 1860
Three general precepts of realism
Art to better humanity
Realism
Aesthetic distance
Ability to observe a work of art with a degree of detachment and objectivity
Duke of Saxe Meiningen
First modern director
Realism
Ability to observe a work with a degree of detachment and objectivity
Aesthetic distance
Practitioners of realism, two playwrights
Chekhov and Ibsen
Outspoken advocate of neaturalism
Andre Antoine
Sought to challenge conservative European culture
And best playwright of this genre
French Absurdist
Samuel Beckett
Most radical reaction to realism
Theatre of cruelty
Addressed underrepresentation of women in theatre
Feminist theatre
Creators of living theatre
Julian Beck and Judith Malina
Spur of the moment theatre events
Happenings
Pioneer of performance art
Spalding Gray
3 people involved in major development to emergence of realism
August Comte
Charles Darwin
Karl Max
Who wrote the seagull
Anton Chekhov
Pioneered use of technology to bring realism to the stage
David Belasco
Write plays with characters that reaccess personal values when faced with extreme circumstances
Jean Paul Sarte
Who wrote bald soprano
Eugene Ionesco