(7.2) Opioids

Question 1

What are the three Opioid receptors? Where are they found in the body?

Answer 1

• DOP: widely distributed
• KOP: spinally
• MOP: supraspinally (cause euphoric effects)

Question 2

How does Opioid cause analgesia?

Answer 2

Receptors are GiA:

• > -Adenyl Cyclase -> -PKA & -VOCC -> -Ca2+ -> -Neurotransmission
• > +K channels -> -Excitability

Question 3

Name four drugs that act on MOP.

Answer 3

Agonists:

• Methodine
• Codeine
• Morphine

Partial agonists:
- Buprenorphine

Question 4

What receptor does Morphine acts on?

Answer 4

MOP

Question 5

Name a drug that has analgesic effect without causing euphoria? How?

Answer 5

Nalbuphine

• DOP Agonist
• KOP Partial agonist
• MOP Antagonist

Question 6

How do you treat someone that becomes Opioid dependent? How does it work?

Answer 6

Naloxane = MOP Antagonist

Question 7

Give 8 ADRs of Opioids.

Answer 7

• Euphoria
• Respiratory depression
• Constipation (-smooth muscle contraction)
• Hypotension (-smooth muscle contraction)
• Vomiting, Nausea
• Dependent
• Tolerance (increased use decreases effects)

Question 8

Give 4 indications of Opioids.

Answer 8

• Pain
• Diarrhoea
• Post-MI (vasodilatory & bronchodilatory effects)
• Antitussive (reduce coughing)

Question 9

For severe pain, which parentral administration of opioid method would you choose? Whiat is its benefits?

Answer 9

• Intrathecal (into spinal subarachnoid space)

- Patient can control how much they need

Question 10

What is the benefit of using Nalbuphine?

Answer 10

Mixed agonist (DOP & KOP) and antagonist (MOP) -> analgesic effect without causing euphoria

Question 11

What is the gold standard opioid analgesic?

Answer 11

Morphine

Question 12

Name three endogenous opioids.

Answer 12

• Enkephalins
• Endorphins
• Dynorphins