8. Command and Control

Question 1

Control and Command.

Policy and Principles:

1. What does control and command include? (4)
2. When does coordination of CC occur? (2)

Answer 1

Includes;

1. Leadership
2. Coordination
3. Effective decision-making, and
4. Behaving lawfully and ethically and with a prevention and victim focus.

Coordination occurs;

1. when CC is communicated to all responders to an incident, and their agencies
2. by giving appropriate taskings that are completed correctly, and in a timely manner.

Question 2

Control and Command.

Overview.

Safety First: In dealing with any risk, Police use a threat assessment tool called TENR, outline what this is.

Answer 2

T - Threat is assessed: by any individual, any act or anything that is likely to cause harm or have potential to hinder police to perform their duties.

E - Exposure is managed: including the potential for harm (physical or otherwise) to people, or the security of places or things.

N - Necessity to intervene immediately is considered. Is there a need to intervene now, later, or not at all?

R - Response: Any response must be timely, proportionate and appropriate based on a considered assessment of the Threat, Exposure and Necessity.

Question 3

Control and Command:

Overview:

What is the difference between the terms ‘Control’ (1) and ‘Command’? (1)

Answer 3

1. Control: Operates horizontally across agencies, and is responsible for coordinating and directing the response to an incident.
2. Command: Operates vertically within an organisation, it describes internal ownership, administrative responsibility and direction of the organisation’s personnel and resources.

Question 4

Control and Command.

Overview:

Control and Command consists of 3 essential elements, what are they, and how does this relate to the Controller/ Commander’s role?

Answer 4

1. Leadership, Decision-making, Control
2. Its the Controller/ Commander’s role to provide leadership, make decisions within their authority, and ensure their directives are implemented by exercising control.

Question 5

Control and Command:

Overview

As an Incident Controller/ Commander, it is vitally important that key decisions are what? (1)

Answer 5

1. Recorded or documented in a decision log.

Question 6

Control and Command.

Overview: Control and Command - CIMS model.

1. What is the Command and Control model used by the NZ Police? (1)
2. For what reasons? (8)

Answer 6

Command and Control Model

1. CIMS - Coordinated Incident Management Systems

Why?

1. Provides one model of command, control and coordination.
2. Is consistent with (and required in) any inter-agency response in NZ.
3. Is understood and practised by our agency partners
4. Is consistent with command, control and coordination SOPs already in place (to national level).
5. Provides a platform for inter-operability with Australian Police jusrisdictions.
6. Already known at all levels of Polcie.
7. Does not require the Police to learn and practice two models nor alternate btw the two.

Question 7

Control and Command.

Overview:

What is CIMS designed for? (3)

Answer 7

1. For a multi-agency response to an emergency incident.
2. Provides a means of coordinating the efforts of different agencies as they work towards the common goal of responding to and stabilising an incident, and
3. Protecting life, property and the environment.

Question 8

Control and Command.

Overview:

What are the 6 environments that the Police Control and Command system will be used in?

Answer 8

1. BAU
2. Rising tide incidents
3. Critical incidents
4. Major critical incidents
5. Planned operations
6. Spontaneous operations.

Question 9

Principles of Control and Command.

What are the principles of control and command? (5)

Answer 9

1. Unity of C&C - only one CC structure and command authority at any one time.
2. Span of C&C - between 2 to 7 direct reports.
3. Continuity of C&C - all CC must be sustainable
4. Delegation of C&C - responsibility at each level
5. Obligations of C&C - responsible for community safety, staff well-being and the wider reputation of the police (ensuring lawful ethical professional behaviour).

Question 10

Control and Command

Principals of C and C: Delegation

The principle of ‘Delegation C & C’ comprises of what?

Answer 10

• the centralisation of control/command & decentralisation of execution.

Controllers & Commanders have responsibility at each of their levels to implement their delegated part of the operational plan. They should be given the necessary direction & resources to conduct the task without interference.

Question 11

Control and Command Roles and Responsibilities.

What are the 5 response levels of CIMS?

Answer 11

• National - includes agency coordination centres and HQs.
• Regional - includes multi district responses
• Local - focuses on district level
• Incident - tactical/incident control or forward command of an operation
• Community - self-help, neighbourhood support and responses that occur without any agency input.

Question 12

Control and Command Roles and Responsibilities.

As well as the 5 response levels of CIMS, there are also 2 levels of CIMS relating to governance, what are they?

Answer 12

• Political - government level view of governance
• Strategic - higher level control and command that involves the Commissioner and other Agency Chief Executives.

Question 13

Control and Command Roles and Responsibilities.

In an operation, what is the general principle re involving subject matter experts? (1)

Answer 13

1. Ensure that subject matter experts are involved in decision making sooner rather than later.

Question 14

Control and Command Roles and Responsibilities.

Transitioning of Control or Command: Who takes control once an incident is reported? (1)

Answer 14

1. Generally the Shift Commander of COMMS will take the initial control until an operation or tactical commander in the field can safely be handed incident control at the appropriate time.

Note: Control or command cannot be seized or taken, it should be formally handed over.

Question 15

Control and Command Roles and Responsibilities.

Transistioning of Control or Command: What is the role of the DCC in critical incidents? (2)

Answer 15

1. The DCC is there to support or enable the control and command of critical incidents in the early stages.
2. A relationship must exist between the Incident Controller and the DCC.

Question 16

Control and Command Roles and Responsibilities.

Transistioning of Control and Command: What is the role of the NCCC in critical incidents? (2)

Answer 16

• The NCCC are there to support lower levels of Control and Command with a picture of what is taking place and to enable the controllers to deliver on intent.
• The DCC keeps the NCCC informed.

Question 17

Critical Incident Appreciation Process.

AFCO: What is an ‘appreciation’? (5)

Answer 17

• Its a process for problem solving and decision-making.
• Allows for design, planning, execution and adaption of actions in an operational evironment.
• Can be completed by an individual or a team
• Should be written (especially for large ops)
• Allows for clear thought and logical reasoning by examining the whole situation.

Question 18

Critical Incident Appreciation Process

AFCO: What is the Police ‘appreciation’ format?

Answer 18

AFCO

• Aim, the aim of the operation (Controller/Comander Intent Statement)
• Factors, the circumstances, facts or influences which might contribute to the conduct of the operation
• Courses of Action, logical and appropriate and courses of action which could achieve the aim.
• Outline plan, A plan does not need to be detailed but should contain sufficient info for Controller/ Commander to approve it.

Note: once a plan is approved it will be developed into an Ops Order.

Question 19

Critical Incident Appreciation Process.

AFCO: In the Appreciation process, what ‘factors’ should always be considered in a critical incident operation? (14)

Answer 19

1. Ground
2. Time and space
3. Weather and environment
4. Risks
5. Legislation
6. Budget
7. Media
8. Political considerations
9. Police role
10. Log
11. Health and safety
12. Intelligence
13. Community impact assessment
14. Offenders

Question 20

Critical Incident Appreciation Process.

AFCO: What information should an ‘Outline Plan’ for a critical incident operation cover? (3)

Answer 20

1. Situation - Background of the operation.
2. Mission - Further development of the AIM.
3. Execution - What is to be done, when, how, where and who will do it.

NB: On approval the Outline Plan will be developed into full Opeations Order.

Question 21

Critical Incident Appreciation Process:

What are factors? (2)

Answer 21

• Circumstances, facts or influences that might affect the conduct of the operation.
• Each factor should be considered and discussed looking at its impact on the operational plan and how it might be mitigated against.

Question 22

NCCC and Emergency Management.

National Command and Coordination Centre: In what circumstances might the NCCC take over an incident? (1)

Answer 22

• When it is an emergency incident requiring higher command and control i.e. national or international operations, or operations involving more than two or more districts.

Question 23

NCCC and Emergency Management.

Real-time intelligence for Operational Deployment (RIOD), Emergency Management Platform:

RIOD is a platform to support CC operations across police. It must be used to provide an integrated national common operating platform that does what?

Answer 23

Links Intel, Deployment and Operations to enable policing to be;

1. Well planned,
2. Well directed and
3. Well informed.

Question 24

Planning, control and command.

Operation Orders: An Ops Order is a written format for a Controller or Commander to document a plan to inform staff on how an operation will be executed.

What are the principle guidelines around them? (5)

Answer 24

They should be;

• Written so that a record can be kept.
• Must be clear and simple,
• As accurate as possible, and
• Clearly capable of being executed.
• Given in significant time so they can be acted upon.

Question 25

**Planning, control and command.** Format: Operations orders should be given in what format?

Answer 25

GSMEAC

Question 26

Where possible the incident controller should be at what rank? **(1)**

Answer 26

Sgt or above

Question 27

**Planning, control and command** What are the various types of **'Orders'**? **(5)**

Answer 27

* **Warning Orders** - preliminary notice warning of an order or operation to follow. * **Admin Instructions** - to coordinate actions that are entirely administrative. * **Ops instructions** - lays down the general plan allowing those receiving them to prepare orders. * **Ops Orders** - orders direct from the CC * **Movement Orders** - issued by HQ whenever staff are moved on-duty over any distance.

Question 28

**Planning, control and command.** Format: What is GSMEAC?

Answer 28

* Ground * Situation * Mission * Execution * Admin/ logistics * Command/ signals

Question 29

**Planning, control and command.** Format: What is the purpose of a debrief? (1)

Answer 29

To critically examine; * **what went well** during the operation and * what areas could have **been improved**. Ideally it should be chaired by a senior member who was not involved in the operation and should take place asap after the operation.

Question 30

**Planning, control and command.** Format: 1. What is the purpose of 'Lessons Learnt'? (2) 2. Where should key lessons learnt be maintained in?

Answer 30

**Purpose of Lessons Learnt:** 1. That key learnings from an operation and debrief are retained for the benefit of future operation Controllers and Commanders. 2. Whilst they should be addressed at the conclusion of an operation, they should also form a **daily part of the operation** so that any lessons or mistakes are identified & addressed immediately. **Key lessons learnt:** 1. Lessons Learnt Database along with the appreciation, operation orders and bebrief notes.

Question 31

**Radio protocols.** Before transferring control of incident from Comms to field units, the designated (field) controller should not take control **before** they've had an apportunity to do what? **(3)**

Answer 31

1. Establish an **incident control point** 2. **Familiarise** themselves with the incident and obtain a briefing 3. Formulate a **response plan**.

Question 32

**Radio protocols.** What are the **(4)​** stages of transfering control from comms to a field unit?

Answer 32

1. Determine **when to transfer** 2. **What unit** will be appointed 3. **Notify unit** (report when ready to assume control) 4. When unit ready to assume control: * formally appoint * assign command call sign if neccessary * record appointment in the event text * ensure all others know 5. Comms become supportive role. 6. Shift Commander maintains oversight.

Question 33

**Major incidents:** Sequence of information: The six steps. What is the **6** step process of presenting information in a card event?

Answer 33

1. Summary of circumstances 2. Time delay 3. Direction of travel 4. Mode of travel 5. Description offenders/vehicles 6. Additional relevant info

Question 34

**Control and Command Overview.** Policy statement and principals: How will Police Control & Command? (6)

Answer 34

1. Ensure all employees are aware of Health & Safety considerations withinn their workplace. 2. Adhere to the scope of C and C, its functions and the environs its used in. 3. Familiarise themselves with the prinicple of C and C. 4. Ensure staff understand the C and C roles/responsibilities. 5. Use a Critical Incident Appreciation Process (AFCO) to support any incident. 6. Familiarise themselves with NCCC's purpose and Emergency Management Platform support (RIOD)

Question 35

**Comand and Control** Overview: Scope and Function of C and C. Control operates horizontally between response agencies. Whar does control **not** include? (3)

Answer 35

1. Ownership 2. Administrative responsibility 3. Management pf another agency's resource.

Question 36

**Comand and Control.** Overview: Scope and Function of C and C. Command operates vertically within an organisation. What does it include? (3)

Answer 36

1. Internal owenership. 2. Administrative responsibility. 3. Detailed direction of an agency's personnel and resources.

Question 37

**Control and Command Roles and Responsibilites.** Response Level Viewpoint: Ina multi-level response. Commanders or Controllers at different response levels have differing timeframes to act in, and consider the same activities in differing levels of details. What is the difference of viewpoints reflected in?

Answer 37

An Incident Level Action Plan.

Question 38

**Control and Command Roles and Responsibilities.** Transistioning of Control or Command: 1. Any control and command hand-over must be what? (3) 2. Any change in control and command must be what? (1)

Answer 38

1. Communicated to all members involved in the Operation as soon as practicable.

Question 39

Control and Command Roles and Responsibilities. Transistioning of Control or Command: Control and command is role rather than rank specific. What must Controllers and Commanders be? (3)

Answer 39

1. Competent 2. Trained 3. Qualified for their respective role.

Question 40

**Control and Command Roles and Responsibilities.** Control and Command Support Structures: In major critical events the Operation(s) Controller or Commander will appoint who Chief of Staff/Response Manager. What will the Chief of Staff/Response Manager do?

Answer 40

Will relieve the Operation(s) Controller or Commander of the day to day running of the operation and similarly will not be burdened with media and other pressures.

Question 41

**Planning, control and Command.** Orders Group: At all stages, even after the orders have been given and the questions dealt with, the Controller/Commander is responsible for ensuring that the orders are understood. What are three effective ways of doing this?

Answer 41

1. Asking individuals to repeat aspects of their orders. 2. Having individuals stay behind and informally discuss aspects of their tasks. 3. Asking any inattentive people to read or repeat the relevant part of their orders.

Question 42

**Radio Protocols - command and control, responsibility and roles.** Revocation of control responsibility: If the Shift Commander determines that the person appointed incident controller is no longer the most appropriate person to fulfil the role, what can the Shift Commander do? (2)

Answer 42

1. May exercise the delegated authority of the DC to revoke the appointment of incident control. 2. They may either undertake the incident control role themselves, or appoint another incident controller, or elect to appoint multiple incident controllers to control different phases of a major incident.