8. Lexical Variability

Question 1

Neologisms

Answer 1

new science, fiction, television words, word that has emerged recently

Question 2

Nounce words

Answer 2

occasionalisms

Question 3

Archaisms

Answer 3

not in common use, have modern equivalents

Question 4

Historicisms

Answer 4

have no modern equivalents, name things which are no longer in common use

Question 5

Obsolete words

Answer 5

no longer acceptable or useful words

Question 6

Stylistically unmarked words

Answer 6

can be used by anyone, in any style, everyday words

Question 7

Stylistically marked words

Answer 7

1. formal expressions (proper formal, technical, bookish)
2. informal expressions (colloquial, substandard, slang, argot, jargon)

Question 8

Proper formal words

Answer 8

administration, official papers, business…

Question 9

Technical words

Answer 9

specific fields of science

Question 10

Bookish

Answer 10

literature, often archaic

Question 11

Colloquial words

Answer 11

used by every group of people regardless of their education, occupation or age

Question 12

substandard expressions

Answer 12

spoken (dunoo, aint)

Question 13

Slang

Answer 13

specific social age and social groups (fuzz - police)

Question 14

Cockney rhyming

Answer 14

rhyming expressions (trouble and strife - wife)

Question 15

Back slang

Answer 15

reversed spelling (reeb - beer)

Question 16

central slang

Answer 16

switched/modified syllables (ellybay-belly)

Question 17

Argot

Answer 17

slang used by lowest social classes, cryptic, hidden language for dealers etc., (skiv-knife)

Question 18

Jargon

Answer 18

professional slang (btw, lol, left wing)

Question 19

Emotionally marked words - express feelings

Answer 19

1. positive
2. negative
3. emphatic
4. evaluatory

Question 20

Positive words

Answer 20

familiarisms, diminutive, euphemisms, humorous words

Question 21

Negative words

Answer 21

ironic expressions, offensive words, vulgarisms

Question 22

Emphatic words

Answer 22

intensify the sense of another expression (terribly)

Question 23

Evaluatory words

Answer 23

neutral words whose emotionality is given by context (pig, devil)

Question 24

Pidgin

Answer 24

bridge language between different neighbouring language communities - simple grammar and vocabulary

Question 25

Creole

Answer 25

nativized form of pidgin (mother tongue)