8.3 genome projects

Question 1

What is a genome?

Answer 1

the complete set of genes in a cell

Question 2

What is a proteome?

Answer 2

the full range of proteins that the genome can code for

Question 3

What are genome projects aim?

Answer 3

map DNA base sequences and locate the genes to chromosomes

Question 4

What is genome sequencing used for?

Answer 4

to determine the entire base seq of DNA in orgs

Question 5

What did the Human genome project do in 2003?

Answer 5

mapped the entire sequence of the human genome

Question 6

What are the advantages of using genome projects?

Answer 6

• to find relatedness of orgs
  -for genetic modification of diff orgs (plants/animals) for human benefit

Question 7

genome sequencing of simple orgs includes what orgs?

Answer 7

single-celled orgs
prokaryotes
eukaryotes

Question 8

Why is genome sequencing easier for prokaryotes DNA?

Answer 8

DNA is shorter
there are no introns
DNA is not bound to histones

Question 9

What is the name of the project that researchs simpler orgs genome sequencing?

Answer 9

human microbiome project

Question 10

How can info from genome sequencing of simpler orgs be used in developing vaccines?

Answer 10

identify antigens of human pathogens

Question 11

How can info from genome sequencing in simpler orgs be used for exploiting genes?

Answer 11

manipulating a genes function for a specific purpose
eg. some genes have potential use in cleaning pollutants or manufacturing biofuels

Question 12

What project researchs the genome sequencing of complex orgs?

Answer 12

the human proteome project

Question 13

What is the human proteome project trying to find?

Answer 13

trying to identify all proteins produced by humans

Question 14

What are the 2 reasons that genome sequencing in complex orgs is difficult?

Answer 14

1. they have introns = non-coding regions
2. epistasis occurs = regulatory genes for gene expression that do not code for proteins

difficulties in translating the genome into proteome