8.5 Naming Organic Compounds

Question 1

what is a substitute alkane

Answer 1

A substituted alkane contains all carbon-to-carbon single bonds just like any other alkane. The difference is that at least one of the hydrogens has been replaced, or substituted for, by a group containing more carbons or elements such as Cl or Br.

Question 2

what determines the name for alkanes

Answer 2

The name for alkanes is determined by the number of carbons, and ends in “ANE”. This is for unbranched carbons, though they can be bent

Question 3

what are the three groups based on alkanes

Answer 3

CH3 is methyl

CH3CH2 is Ethyl

CH3CH2CH2 is propyl

Question 4

what are halides

Answer 4

halides are groups from the halogen family

• F fluoro
• Cl chloro
• Br bromo
• I iodo

Question 5

what are three other common groups

Answer 5

other common groups are

• NO2nitro
• NH2amino
• OH hydroxy

Question 6

what decides the root of a compound

Answer 6

The longest chain of unbranched carbons decides the root name of the compound, 4 = root name is Butane

The longest chain can go around bends

Question 7

what do you number in an organic compound

Answer 7

Each carbon in the longest chain is given a number, starting at one end of the chain or the other. We always start at the end which gives the smallest numbers to carbons which have branches, or in other words, from the end which the carbon holding the first substitution group is nearest.

Question 8

what are the steps in naming organic compounds

Answer 8

Steps:

1. Determine the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain and thus the root name.
2. Number the carbons in the longest chain.
3. Identify the substitution group(s) by name and the number of the carbon to which they are attached.
4. Name the compound.
   
   • The name will end in the root name determined in step 1.
   • The name must also contain a number to identify the carbon location of each substitution group. If there are 4 substitution groups, then there must be 4 numbers in the name.
   • List the substitution groups in alphabetical order.
   • Use the prefixes, di, tri tetra, etc., if there are multiples of the same type of substitution group.
   • Important Note:the prefixes di, tri, tetra etc. used to show several groups of the same kind are NOT considered when alphabetizing - use the group name (ie, methyl or chloro or nitro).

Question 9

what do you do to draw a compound from a name

Answer 9

to draw the compound reverse engineer the process from the name