What is the bottom-up model of teaching reading?
Part to whole approach. Emphasizesis a sequential process where a reader must first master the smallest units of language before moving on to larger ones.
What is the top down model of teaching reading?
Whole to part approach. Emphasizes understanding the overall meaning of a text by leveraging a reader’s prior knowledge and experiences
In Scarborough’s Reading Rope the two main parts are
• Language comprehension
• Word recognition
What is the alphabetic principle?
Understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds
What is a phoneme?
Individual, discreet sound, a series of phonemes make a word. Give an example. Cat has 3 phonemes.
Define phonemic awareness
The ability to hear, identify and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words.
Why is multisensory instruction important?
It helps to motivate and engage students. The activities will keep student’s focus on letters and letter sequence in printed words.
State the five levels of phonemic awareness and give an example of each one
- Isolation:
Example: A teacher asks, “What’s the first sound you hear in the word ‘cat’?” The student responds, “/k/.”
2.Blending:
Example: The teacher says the sounds “/b/ /ă/ /t/” and asks, “What word do you hear?” The student responds, “bat.” - Segmentation
Example: The teacher says the word “dog” and asks, “What sounds do you hear?” The student responds, “/d/ /o/ /g/.” - Deletion
Example: The teacher says, “Say the word ‘boat’.” The student says, “boat.” The teacher then says, “Now say ‘boat’ without the /t/ sound.” The student responds, “bo.” - Substitution: Example: The teacher says, “The word is ‘mug’.” The student says, “mug.” The teacher then says, “Change the /m/ to /r/.” The student responds, “rug.”
How many phonemes in the following words
tight
3 phonemes: /t/ /ī/ /t/
ring
3 phonemes: /r/ /ĭ/ /ŋ/
stand
5 phonemes: /s/ /t/ /ă/ /n/ /d/
bee
2 phonemes: /b/ /ē/
catch
3 phonemes: /k/ /ă/ /ch/
stem
4 phonemes: /s/ /t/ /ĕ/ /m/
What does it mean when we say phonics instruction is explicit?
The teaching is direct, systematic, and intentional. The teacher clearly explains and models the relationship between sounds (phonemes) and letters (graphemes).
What does it mean when we say phonics instruction is systematic?
The teaching follows a carefully planned sequence of instruction. The skills are introduced in a logical and predetermined order, building from simple to more complex
What percentage of English words is phonetically regular?
0.87
Define phonics
Phonics is a method of teaching reading and writing by helping students understand the relationship between the sounds of spoken language (phonemes) and the letters or groups of letters (graphemes) that represent those sounds. It is often referred to as “the alphabetic principle.
How many sounds do most phonics programs have?
44
What kind of consonants should be taught early on in a program and why?
Consonants that are continuous and have a consistent sound are typically taught early in a phonics program. This approach makes it easier for new readers to learn and apply their new skills. This helps students immediately use those consonants to form simple words and build their confidence.
What is the purpose of decodable (controlled text)?
So the students can apply the specific phonics skills they’ve been taught.
What is the most common sound in the English language?
schwa sound (It is a reduced, unstressed, and neutral vowel sound, often described as a soft “uh” or “ih” sound.)
Give 2 examples of this sound used in a word. Lazy, About, system, pencil, lemom
What is a grapheme?
It is the smallest functional unit of a writing system.
