What are the dominant IGOs
world bank, IMF, WTO
What do the dominant IGOs promote
promoted neo-liberal views of development
based on the adoption of free-trade, privatisation and deregulation of financial markets
but also, recent programmes have been aimed at improving
environmental quality,
health
education
and human rights
Roke of IMF
promotes global economic stability – rearranges & restructures debts (often through SAPs).
Role of world bank
World Bank - part of the United Nations. Provides funding to development projects – often infrastructure
What are Structural adjustment programmes
Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) – economic reforms that countries must follow in order to receive IMF/World Bank funding – often have negative social impacts in the short-term.
cons of neoliberalism
- benefits businesses and TNCs far more than ordinary people, and so creates inequality,
- focuses on industrialisation, trade and jobs that tend to concentrate in cities, so rural areas miss out t
- focuses on profit and economic growth at the expense of the environment
State three ways WB is helping education
- A founding member of the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), established in 2002
- This was created to have achieve the second and third MDGs (Achieve universal primary education and promote gender equality and empower women)
- The GPE invests in early childhood education for all children, and aims to develop a sound educational system for children through developing early reading and numeracy skills
How is WB helping enviro
- Launches the Climate Change Action Plan in 2016
- Aims to help developing countries, like India, to add 30 gigawatts of renewable energy (enough to power 150 million homes) to the world’s energy capacity
= Aims to provide flooding early warning systems for 100 million people, and develop investment in agriculture for 40 countries (all by 2020)
How are the IMF reducing poverty
- Countries are now required to develop their own medium-term development plans to receive aid, loans and debt relief. (instead of having to do SAPs)
- It is currently working with the Haitian government to make the economy more resilient, especially after Hurricane Matthew in 2016. It aims to make Haiti an emerging economy by 2030
How does WTO promote free trade
- in order to promote economic development and reduce debts
- however, these have frequently resulted in environmental degradation (rainforest clearance, threats to biodiversity)
- e.g. Indonesia, where rainforest has been cleared for palm oil production
How does WTO help environment
- Restrict the international movement of products or species that are potentially harmful or endangered
- Challenge trade agreements where there may be implications for climate change
Describe madagascar’s strategy
- The Connectivity for Rural Livelihood Project
- $140million spent on 148km main roads, and 500km of local roads
Describe deregulated financial markets in madagascar
- Digital information kiosks - traders have real-time access to market prices and demand before they even reach the city.
- This improves bargaining position and judge the best time to sell goods.
Describe private companies in madagascar
- Empowers local business owners
- Internet usage up from 1% to 27%
- More resilience to climate shocks
Described imrpoved health in madagascar
- Road access to 45 health centres.
- Life expectancy up (53-67)
- Under-5 mortality down (138-58)
- Drinking water up (41-60)
Describe better trade in madagscar
Traders can now reach Ambatondrazaka, the regional capital
Travel time cut by 2/3
Describe improved human rights in madagascar
-Workforce gender balance hasn’t changed
-Sanitation up (23-31%)
- Basic drinking water up (41-60%)
