Distance
In science, distance is defined as a scalar quantity measuring the total length of the path traveled by an object, regardless of direction, or the total amount of space between two points.
Displacement
In physics, displacement is a vector quantity defined as the change in an object’s position, representing the shortest distance from its initial to its final position, along with the direction of that straight line.
Speed
In physics, displacement is a vector quantity defined as the change in an object’s position, representing the shortest distance from its initial to its final position, along with the direction of that straight line.
Average
The sum of all values in a set divided by the total number of values in that set.
Instantaneous Speed
Instantaneous speed is the speed of an object at a specific instant in time, a measurement of how fast it’s moving at that particular moment, rather than over a period.
Velocity
In science, velocity is the rate at which an object changes its position, including its direction of motion.
Acceleration
In scientific terms, acceleration is the rate at which an object’s velocity changes over time, meaning it is a change in either its speed or its direction of motion.
Force
In science, a force is a vector quantity representing an interaction that, when unopposed, causes a change in an object’s motion or shape.
Net Force
In physics, the net force is the single resultant force that describes the combined effect of all individual forces acting on an object at the same time.
Balanced Force
A balanced force is a condition where all forces acting on an object are equal in strength and opposite in direction, resulting in a net force of zero.
Inertia
Inertia is the property of matter where an object resists changes to its state of motion; an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Newton’s second law of motion defines that an object’s acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. The law is expressed by the equation Fnet = ma, where Fnet is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. This means a greater force will cause a greater acceleration, and a more massive object will experience less acceleration for the same force.
Friction
Scientifically, friction is a force that resists the relative motion between surfaces in contact, or when a solid object moves through a fluid (liquid or gas).
Static Friction
Static friction is the force that opposes the initiation of motion between two surfaces that are in contact and at rest relative to each other.
Sliding Friction
Sliding friction is the force that resists the relative motion of two surfaces as one slides across the other, and it is also known as kinetic friction.
Air Resistance
Air resistance, or aerodynamic drag, is the force exerted by air molecules on an object moving through it, acting in the opposite direction of the object’s motion.
Gravity
Scientifically, gravity is the fundamental force of attraction between any two objects with mass or energy.
Weight
In scientific terms, weight is the force of gravity acting on an object’s mass.
Centripetal Acceleration
Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration that causes an object to move in a circular path, directed toward the center of the circle.
Centripetal Force
Centripetal force is the net, inwardly directed force that keeps an object moving in a curved or circular path, preventing it from continuing in a straight line.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Newton’s third law of motion, also known as the law of action and reaction, states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force back on the first that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. These two forces, called an action-reaction pair, act on different objects and do not cancel each other out.
