9.1b Nutrient Needs

Question 1

Fluid Requirement

Answer 1

• First 2 days require 60-80 mL/kg
• 3-7 days require 100-150 mL/kg
• 8-30 days require 120/180 mL/kg

Question 2

Energy

Answer 2

• First 3 months - 110 calories/kg/day
• 3-6 months - 100 calories/kg/day
• 6-9 months - 95 calories/kg/day
• 9 months to 1 year - 100 calories/kg/day

Human milk provides 67 calories/100 mL or 20 calories per ounce
- Fat is the main source of energy from breastmilk

Formula is typically 20 calories per ounce as well

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

• First 6 months recommended 60 g/day
• Second 6 months recommended 95 g/day
• Lactose is the most abundant carb for first 6 months of life

Question 4

Fat

Answer 4

• 31 g/day for the first 6 months

- More than 50% of calories in milk is fat

Question 5

Protein

Answer 5

• Greater in newborn period than any other time in life

- First 6 months of life 9.1 g/day

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

• Breastmilk contains all vitamins needed except vitamin D

- Cows milk has Vitamin A and B but Vitamin C, D, E must be added

Question 7

Minerals

Answer 7

• Cow’s milk has higher mineral content than human milk and is suitable for first year of life
• Iron from human milk is better absorbed than other forms of iron, however, iron is low in all types of milk
• Fluoride is low in breastmilk and formula
  (Important in preventing dental caries and spotting of baby teeth (fluorosis))
• Fluoride supplements should not be given before 6 months but can be given 6 months to 3 years.