A&P - Chapter 2

Question 1

What does survival depend on?

Answer 1

Depends on the maintenance or restoration of homeostasis

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

Relative constancy/stability of the internal environment

- a set point / range

Question 3

What are 5 examples of things that need to be in homeostasis?

Answer 3

1. Temperature
2. CO2
3. O2
4. Blood glucose
5. pH

Question 4

Feedback loops

Answer 4

Is the part of a system in which some portion (or all) of the system’s output is used as input for future operations

Question 5

What are 2 types of feedback loops?

Answer 5

1. Positive feedback

2. Negative feedback

Question 6

Positive feedback

Answer 6

Is when there is an increase of change or output that results in an amplification

Question 7

Negative feedback

Answer 7

Is where there is a decrease of change or output that results in a decrease of function

Question 8

What is an example of positive feedback? (2)

Answer 8

1. Child birth
   - contracting
2. Blood clotting

Question 9

What are 2 example of negative feedback?

Answer 9

1. Thermoregulation
   - if you get too hot or too cold the body will bring it back to normal
2. Blood sugar regulation
   - insulin lowers blood sugar when it is too high

Question 10

What does feedback mean?

Answer 10

Sending back information

Question 11

What are the 4 basic components of feedback loops?

Answer 11

1. Sensor mechanism
2. Integrator or control centre
3. Effector mechanism
4. Feedback

Question 12

Sensor mechanism

Answer 12

Senses a change

Question 13

Integrator or control centre

Answer 13

Analyzes information and send out instructions to deal with the change

Question 14

Effector mechanism

Answer 14

Responds to instructions

Question 15

Feedback mechanism

Answer 15

Detects a degree of change

Question 16

Afferent

Answer 16

Conducting inward or toward something

- sensor –> integrator/control centre

Question 17

Efferent

Answer 17

Conducting outward or away from something

- integrator/control centre –> effector

Question 18

What comes first, afferent or efferent?

Answer 18

Afferent

- A comes before E on the alphabet

Question 19

What are 4 things negative feedback loops do?

Answer 19

1. They inhibit
2. They stabilize physiological variables
3. They produce an action that is opposite to the change that activated the system
4. They are responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Question 20

What are 3 things positive feedback loops do?

Answer 20

1. They stimulate
2. They amplify the original stimulus
3. They feedback to control centre promotes further change in the direction of the original deviation/stimulus

Question 21

Which feedback loop is more common?

Answer 21

Negative feedback loops

Question 22

What are positive feedbacks most useful in?

Answer 22

When we want to amplify something in order to complete them quickly

Question 23

What do all organs function to?

Answer 23

Maintain homeostasis

Question 24

What are body functions related to?

Answer 24

Age

Question 25

When is your peak efficiency?

Answer 25

During young adulthood

Question 26

When does you efficiency diminish?

Answer 26

After young adulthood

Question 27

What is oxytocin used for?

Answer 27

Inducing uterine contractions during child labour