A4.1 Evolution and Speciation

Question 1

What is Darwinism?

Answer 1

evolution and variation within a population occurs due to selection pressures that enable organisms that are better adapted to the environment to survive and pass on.

Question 2

What is Lamarckism?

Answer 2

inheritance of acquired traits

Question 3

What are some evidence for evolution?

Answer 3

• molecular evidence from DNA, RNA, or amino acid alignment.
• comparative anatomy and morphology using homologous structures
• fossil findings
• evidence from selective breeding

Question 4

The evidence for evolution by comparing base sequences?

Answer 4

allows for observance of changes to RNA/DNA/AA when evolution occurs

Question 5

What is an example of molecular evidence for evolution?

Answer 5

Pax6, gene sequences taht control eye development in species lead to evolutionary dveelopment of vision to be made.

Question 6

What is selective breeding?

Answer 6

form of deliberate selection in which humans choose traits passed onto offspring.

Question 7

How is selective breeding evidence for evolution?

Answer 7

continuous removal of progeny showing less desired features lead to deliberate genetic change.
- shows that selection can cause evolution on short time scale. it does not prove evolution is occuring naturally but gives evidence they can evolve rapidly.

Question 8

What are some examples of selective breeding?

Answer 8

• corn, from tasles of wild grass
• wild mustard into vegetables
• cereal grains

Question 9

What are homologous structures?

Answer 9

similar anatomy but different functions, these are developed from common ancestor and is an example of divergent evolution

Question 10

What are some examples of homologous structures as evidence for evolution?

Answer 10

• limbs of vertebrates are similar despite different uses similar or same bones in same relative positions but become diff from diff perofmring functions due to diff selective pressures
• vestigial structures that are no longer used

Question 11

What is adaptive radiation?

Answer 11

diversification into diff range of species from commo ancestor

Question 12

What are analogous structures?

Answer 12

have similar form and function due to convergent evolution but from due to common ancestor

Question 13

What is speciation?

Answer 13

when species becomes different after having been separated from each other for extended amount of time. adaptation to differe conditions and natural selection will allow to develop into 2 ways until are recognizably different

Question 14

What are exampes of speciation?

Answer 14

• finches
• lava lizards
  galapagos island

Question 15

What are the two requirements for speciation to occur?

Answer 15

reproductive isolation
differential selection

Question 16

What is reproductive isolation?

Answer 16

species much stop interbreeding, this causes separation of genes and divergence. A barrier which prevents gene flow between different gene pools achieve this.

Question 17

What is geological isolation?

Answer 17

a type of reproductive isolation which populations are separated physically by barriers ike rivers, mountains
- over time, both sides diverge enough genetically that they cannot interbreed

Question 18

What is an example of reproductive/geographic isolation?

Answer 18

Bonobos and chimpanzees both are primates from genus Pan. They are geographically isolated by Congo river so their range do not overlap. they cant swim.