rate of substitution of a secondary alcohol versus a primary alcohol
- the rate of substituted of protonated alcohols is subject to steric hindrance
- eliminates the ability of nucleophiles to collide with the reacting electrophilic center and slows the rate of the reaction.
if something is injected into a gas liquid chromatograph, the first peak observed in the gc trace is attributable to what?
- whichever exhibits the lowest molecular weight and also the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction
- this will migrate the fastest and be the first peak in the gas chromatograph.
In determining ester products, how do you know which loses the -OH group
- pick the one that does not exchange with other groups present prior to reaction
- that will give information about the true identity of the groups
how do enzymes affect chemical reactions?
- the stabilization of the transition state, not the substrate, provides the binding energy that is used to lower the activation energy
is CH3CO2H a strong or a weak acid
- weak
relationship between current, voltage, and resistance?
- V=iR
formula for index of reaction
i of r in a medium = speed of light in vacuum/speed of light in the medium
the energy of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to
- the number of photons
intensity is defined as
- energy emitted per time
What is T in units
- Tera
- 10^12
energy of a photon
E = hc/λ = hf
what is standard atmospheric pressure
- 1 atm
- 760 mmHg
- 760 torr
- 101 kPa
octahedral compounds have how many bonds
- six sigma bonds
- no lone pairs
- would d2sp3
what is true of individual molecular volume and intermolecular forces in an ideal gas
- they are negligible
what is the wavelength of light absorbed by a molecule dependent on?
- its structure
- the production of a variety of structurally related opsins functions to enable the detection of different colors.
the main chain linkage of glycogen is what kind of bond
- alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond
beta decay occurs when
- neutron is converted into a proton
- electron is emitted so you increase number of protons by 1
branching occurs through what in glycogen
- an alpha-1,6-glycosidic bond
residue linking occurs through what in glycogen?
- an alpha 1-4-glycosidic bond
when determining which acid will dissociate to the least extent, which do you pick?
- the one with the high negative charge.
gamma decay
- emission of photons by the nucleus
SI unit for power
- W = J/s= ft*lb/s = kg m^2/s^3
how do transmembrane proteins into the endomembrane system?
- docking at the rough ER
- facilitated by a signal sequence
what does a nuclear localization signal do?
- permits proteins to enter the nucleus
