Abbreviations

Question 1

AUP

Answer 1

Acceptable Use Policy of a network

eg JANET AUP for academic hotspots

Question 2

JANET

Answer 2

private gov funded org providing network services to uk research and HE institutions

Question 3

WLAN

Answer 3

Wireless Local Area Network

Question 4

MAC address

Answer 4

Media Access Control address

Question 5

NIC

Answer 5

Network Interface Controller (network card)

Question 6

EHA

Answer 6

Ethernet Hardware Address

Question 7

DHCP

Answer 7

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Application layer

Question 8

DNS

Answer 8

Domain Name System

Application layer

Question 9

FTP

Answer 9

File Transfer Protocol

Application layer

Question 10

HTTP

Answer 10

HyperText Transfer Protocol

Application layer

Question 11

IMAP

Answer 11

Internet Message Access Protocol
email retrieval and storage
(Application layer)
Mainly for retrieving from server to user

Question 12

POP

Answer 12

Post Office Protocol
(Application layer)
Mainly for retrieving from server to user

Question 13

SMTP

Answer 13

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(Application layer)
Mainly for sending from user to server for relaying

Question 14

SOCKS

Answer 14

Socket Secure
Routes network packets btwn client & server through a proxy server
Although application layer, in OSI model, at Layer 5, session layer

Question 15

OSI Model

Answer 15

Open Systems Interconnection Model
Layers
1. Physical Layer (802.11, bltth)
2. Data Link Layer (btwn nodes)
3. Network Layer (IPv4/6)
4. Transport Layer (TCP, UDP)
5. Session Layer (PPTP, SOCKS)
6. Presentation Layer (MIME, XDR)
7. Application Layer (DNS, FTP, SMTP, Telnet, DHCP)

Question 16

TCP/IP Model

Answer 16

Internet Protocol Suite
Transmission Control P./Internet P.
1. Link (Frame data - MAC)
2. Internet (IP data)
3. Transport (TCP/UDP data)
4. Application (DHCP DNS HTTP etc data)

Question 17

UDP

Answer 17

User Datagram Protocol
messages (datagrams) sent by computer applications to other hosts on an IP network without prior communications to set up special transmission channels or data paths
connectionless

Question 18

UDP use

Answer 18

where error checking/correction not needed or performed by application
dropping packets over delayed packets
1. transaction oriented - simple query-response protocol suited
2. simple, suitable for bootstrapping
3. stateless - suitable for large numbers of clients - streaming media
4. lack of retransmission delays makes it suitable for real time applications - VOIP, online games
5. good for unidirectional communication, such as broadcast info, like service discovery

Question 19

TCP

Answer 19

Transmission Control Protocol
connection oriented protocol
requires handshaking to set up end to end comms
once set up, user data can be sent bi-directionally

Question 20

TCP characteristics

Answer 20

1. Reliable - manages msg ack, retransmission & timeout. Multiple attempts to dlvr
   If lost on way, server re-requests lost part. There is no missing data
2. Ordered - two messages sent, 1st will arrive 1st; if arrive in worng order, TCP buffers till in right order
3. Heavyweight - requires three packets to set up a socket connection b4 any data is sent. Handles reliability & congestion control
4. Streaming - data is read as a byte stream, no distinguishing indications are transmitted to signal message (segment) boundaries

Question 21

SSH

Answer 21

Secure Shell - Cryptographic network protocol for secure data communication, remote command line login, remote command exe and other secure network services between two networked computers.
Secure channel, SSH server and SSH client

Question 22

SSID

Answer 22

Service Set Identification
802.11 network
Service set - all devices associated with a WLAN
SS can be local, independent, extended or mesh
Basic service set - access point + station
Mesh stations only participate in mesh functionalities, mesh formation, path selection and forwarding
Independent BSS - ad hoc network of client devices without a controlling AP

Question 23

SSID hiding or network cloaking

Answer 23

some access points allow a user to inhibit the broadcasting of their SSIDs
station can only join a BSS after the associated SSID has been specified explicitly
Deters casual wireless snooping

Question 24

WEP

Answer 24

Wired Equivalent Privacy
1997
40 or 104-bit key & 24-bit initialisation vector
lots of free software to break it like - aircrack
mitigated a little by using dynamic WEP

Question 25

RADIUS

Answer 25

Remote Authentication Dial In User Service - a network authentication protocol

Question 26

RADIUS realm

Answer 26

usually defined by a domain name - soton.ac.uk identifies users by their local identifier like ord1c08 can pass a client request to a server in another RADIUS realm response from home realm allows user to access network when away

Question 27

LDAP

Answer 27

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

Question 28

Active Directory

Answer 28

MS authentication for windows domain networks, makes use of LDAP etc