Cardio and Respiratory > ABCDE's > Flashcards

ABCDE's Flashcards

(35 cards)

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1
Q

What is the purpose of ABCDE’s?

ABCDE’s

A
  • prioritises what will kill a patient first
  • helps us assess risk and priortises safety
  • allows us to provide effective treatment
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2
Q

Why is the airway assessed first?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A

because an airway obstruction is a medical emergancy

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3
Q

what stages are made up of ABCDE’s?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A

A: airway
B: breathing
C: circulation
D: disabilty
E: exposure/ examination

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4
Q

What makes up an airway assessment?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • ask the patient how are you?
  • normal response: patent airway, short sentances: respiratory distress, no response: severe illness
  • use vutal signs e.g respitory rate
  • apply pulse oximeter, ECG and continous non-invasive BP monitor to all critically ill patients as soon as its safe.
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5
Q

what could cause an airway obstruction?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • secretion retention
  • tongue
  • tumours
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6
Q

what are the 8 different types of airway?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • own
  • oropharyngeal (guedel)
  • nasopharyngeal (NP)
  • laryngeal mask (LMA)
  • endotracheal tube (ETT)
  • tracheostomy
  • mini trache
  • laryngectomy
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7
Q

what is and own airway?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A

normal, unassisted breathing using own airway

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8
Q

what is an oropharyngeal airway?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • curved plastic tube that prevents the tongue slipping back
  • unconsious
  • no mechanical breathing
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9
Q

what is a nasopharyngeal airway?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • soft flexible tube through the nose keeping the airway open by bypassing the toungue.
  • semi-consious or fully consious
  • no mechanical breathing
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10
Q

what is a laryngeal mask airway?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • a device inserted through the mouth with a mask sitting over larygeal inlet ot form a seal
  • most used during anaesthesia
  • unconsious
  • mechanical breathing
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11
Q

whats an endotracheal tube airway

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • tube inserted through the mouth passing between the vocal cords and into the trachea and sealed with an inflated cuff to seal the airway.
  • mechanical breathing
  • unconsious
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12
Q

what is a tracheostomy airway?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • a small tube surgically inserted through the neck into the trachea.
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13
Q

what is a mini trache airway?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • a temporyary small bore tube inserted into the trachea through the neck to allow suctioning.
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14
Q

what is a laryngectomy airway?

ABCDE’s (Airway)

A
  • permenant removal of the larynx
  • airway is permenantly diverted through a stoma in the neck.
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15
Q

What is included in a breathing assessment?

ABCDE’s (Breathing)

A

o Chest expansion
o Palpation of the chest wall
o Auscultation
o Chest percussion
o Chest x-ray
o Must also assess the position of the trachea in the suprasternal notch and determine if it is deviated.
o oxygen stauration and ABGs

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16
Q

what are the signs of respiratory distress?

ABCDE’s (Breathing)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • accessory muscles dominant
  • abdominal breathing
  • sweating central cyanosis
17
Q

What is hypoxia?

ABCDE’s (Breathing)

Study These Flashcards
A

tissues arent recieving enough oxygen

18
Q

what are the causes of breathlessness?

ABCDE’s (Breathing)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • hypoxemia
  • hypercapnia
  • acidosis
  • anaemia
  • restrictive and obstructive lung disorders
19
Q

what is the target saturation for all critically ill patients?

ABCDE’s (Breathing)

20
Q

what are the two methods of oxygen administration?

ABCDE’s (Breathing)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • nasal cannula
  • face mask/ hudson mask
21
Q

when would a nasal cannula be used?

ABCDE’s (Breathing)

Study These Flashcards
A

1 L/min= 24%
2 L/min= 28%
3 L/min= 32%
4 L/min= 36%

22
Q

when would a hudson mask NOT be used?

ABCDE’s (Breathing)

Study These Flashcards
A

when 2-4 L/min needs to be administered.

23
Q

when would a hudson mask be used?

ABCDE’s (Breathing)

Study These Flashcards
A

5 L/min= 40%
6 L/min= 45%
8 L/min= 55%

24
Q

What makes up a circulation assessment?

ABCDE’s (Circulation)

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A
  • examine for external haemmorages from wounds and drains.
  • check jugular venous pressure (raised suggests acrdiac failure)
  • look at the extremities (are they blue and mottled)
  • what is the temperature of the limbs
  • capillary refill time shoud be under 2secs
  • check for pheripheral odeama
  • palpate perhipheral pulses
25
when do circulatory problems occur? ## Footnote ABCDE's (Circulation)
- systolic BP below 90 - HR below 40bpm or above 130bpm at resting - temp below 34.C or above 39.5.C - oliguria volume less than 0.5ml/kg/hr
26
what does a barely palpable and bounding pulse suggest? ## Footnote ABCDE's (Circulation)
bounding; spesis barely palpable: poor cardiac output
27
define hypotension ## Footnote ABCDE's (Circulation)
- significantly low bp - below 90
28
define hypertension ## Footnote ABCDE's (Circulation)
- significantly high bp - over 140
29
what are the causes of hypotension? ## Footnote ABCDE's (Circulation)
- reduced preload (volume loss) - reduced myocardial contractility - reduced afterload
30
what are the clinical signs of poor perfusion? ## Footnote ABCDE's (Circulation)
- cerebal perfusion- reduced consiousness, confusion - renal perfusion- reduced urine output - bowel perfusion- reduced blood flow to intestines - peripheral blood flow- cold and pale peripherals - coronary blood flow- myocardial ischiema (reduced blood to heart)
31
what makes up a disabilty assessment? ## Footnote ABCDE's (Disabilty)
- review the drug char for drug induced depressed consiousness - pupil size, rwaction to light and equality. - blood glucose to exclude hypoglycaemia
32
what are the three main causes of decreased levels of consiousness? ## Footnote ABCDE's (Disabilty)
- problem with the airway, breathing or circulation - administration of sedatives - disease or conditions impacting the brain
33
what is the glasgow coma scale? ## Footnote ABCDE's (Disabilty)
- patient response to stimulus between 3 and 15. - best motor response 1-6 - best verbal response 1-5 - eye-opening 1-4
34
what is the AVPU system? ## Footnote ABCDE's (Disabilty)
A= alert V= voice P= pain U= unresponsive
35
what makes up a exposure/ examination assessment? ## Footnote ABCDE's (Exposure)
- top to toe examination - assessment of pain management - signs of haemorraging, bruising, infection or injury. - review labs and radiology results
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