Abdomen

Question 1

What are the ligaments of the liver?

Answer 1

Medial hepatogastric ligament

Lateral hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 2

Borders of the abdomen (components)

Answer 2

• 5 lumbar vertebra + vertebral discs
• Pelvic bone
• Inferior thoracic wall (bony components)
• Muscles;
  post wall:
  Quadratus lumborum
  Psoas major
  Iliacus
  Lateral wall:
  Transversus abdominis
  internal and ext. oblique
  Ant. wall:
  Rectus abdominal

Question 3

Intraperitoneal structures definition

Answer 3

Inside the peritoneum

Question 4

Retro peritoneal structures

Answer 4

Posterior to the peritoneum eg; kidneys

Question 5

3 main arteries that supplies the gastrointestinal system, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

Answer 5

• Celiac trunk
• Sup. Mesenteric
• Inf. Mesenteric

Question 6

Main veins of the gastrointestinal system

Answer 6

• Left renal veins
• Left common iliac veins
  ALL VENOUS DRAINAGE FROM THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM PASSES THROUGH - Hepatic portal vein “hepatic sinusoid”

Question 7

Main nerve supply of the abdomen

Answer 7

Sympathetic fibers T5-L2
Parasympathetic fibers /VAGUS nerve + S2-S4
Visceral sensory fibers

Question 8

Arteries supplying the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 8

• Musculophreninc artery
• Superficial epigastric artery
• Superfiscial circumflex iliac artery
• Superior epigastric a.
• 10 & 11th intercostal a.
• Subcostal a.
• Inferior epigastric a.
  Deep circumflex iliac a.

Question 9

Greater omentum

Answer 9

• Large
• Attache to the greater curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum
• Right and left gastroomental vessels

Question 10

Lesser omentum

Answer 10

• Lesser curvature of the stomach + duodenum + liver
• hepatic a proper, bile duct and portal vein
• Right and left gastroomental vessels ( lays bw the layers of the lesser and greater omentum)

Question 11

Which mesenteries do we have?

Answer 11

• Mesentery of small intestine
• Transverse mesocolon
• Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 12

Ligaments of the stomach

Answer 12

Gastrophrenic ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament
Greater omentum
Hepatogastric

Question 13

Location of the stomach

Answer 13

Left hypochondrium

Question 14

Which organs are intraperitoneal?

Answer 14

Jejunum
Ileum
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
Liver

Question 15

Which organs are retroperitoneal?

Answer 15

Ascending colon,

Descending colon,

Question 16

Celiac trunk

Answer 16

T12
- Left gastric a. (lesser curvature)
- Splenic a
short gastric. left gastroomental a (greater curvature), dorsal gastric, dorsal pancreatic, pancreatic branch
Common hepatic a (two main branches)
1. Hepatic artery proper
right hepatic a, left hepatic a, cystic a, right gastric a
2. Gastroduodenal a
right gastroomental a, sup pancreatic duodenal a.

Question 17

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 17

L1
- Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a
(anterior and posterior branches)
- Left jejunal a -> vasa recta
- Iliac a.
- Middle colic a. (right and left)
- Right colic a.
- Ileocolic a  (anterior, post cecal a and appendicular a)

Question 18

Inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 18

L3
- Left colic a
(Ascending, descending)
- Sigmoid a.
- Superior rectal a.