0
Q
Firm
A
In joints that normally have soft or hard end feel.
Increased muscular tone
Capsular, muscular, ligamentous, and fascial shortening
1
Q
Soft
A
Occurs in joints that normally has firm or hard end feel. Feels boggy.
Edema or synovitis
2
Q
Hard
A
In a joint that has a soft or firm end feel. A bony grating or bony block usually felt.
Chondromalacia, osteoarthritis, loose bodies in joint, fracture
3
Q
Empty
A
No real end feel because pain prevents reaching end of ROM. No resistance felt except for patients protective muscle splinting or spasm
Acute inflammation, bursitis, abscess, fracture
