Paeds, MEP, OTC & Misc. > Abx: Cheat Flashcards! > Flashcards

Abx: Cheat Flashcards!

(38 cards)

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1
Q

Which drugs require no renal adustments?

A
  • Clarithromycin, erythromycin
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Rifampicin
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2
Q

Which drugs are most likely to cause C.difficile?

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Cephalosporins
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Co-amoxiclav
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3
Q

Which antibiotics can prolong the QT interval?

A
  • Macrolides
  • Quinolones
  • Others: amiodarone, amitriptyline, SSRIs, Antipsychotics, quinine, ondansetron
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4
Q

Which antibiotics have a seizure potential with them?

A

When administered in high doses or used in pts with epilepsy, renal impairment or brain lesions:

  • beta-lactams - esp unsubstituted penicillins
  • 4th Gen cephalosporins
  • Carbapenems - mainly imipenem
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5
Q

Which antibiotics have a MRSA coverage?

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Co-trimoazole
  • Linezolid
  • Tetracycline
  • Rifampicin and fusidic acid - neither should be used alone for an MRSA infection due to risk of resistance developing
  • glycopeptide
  • daptomycin
  • trimethoprim
  • nitrofurantoin
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6
Q

Which antibiotics are solely gram-positive coverage?

A
  • Glycopeptides
  • Linezolide
  • Teicoplanin
  • Daptomycin
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7
Q

Which antibiotics are soley gram-negative coverage?

A
  • ceftazidimine

- aminoglycosides

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8
Q

Which antibiotics are active against pseudomonas spp?

A
  • ceftazidime - 3rd gen cephalosporin
  • carbapenems - only imipenem and meropenem
  • aminoglycosides - gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin
  • ciprofloxacin
  • tazobactam
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9
Q

Which antibiotics are active against anaerobes?

A
  • metronidazole
  • vancomycin PO
  • carbapenems - imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem
  • clindamycin
  • co-amoxiclav
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10
Q

Which antibiotics are safe in pregnancy?

A
  • clindamycin
  • cephalosporins
  • penicillin
  • erythromycin
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11
Q

Which antibiotics aren’t safe in pregnancy?

A
  • chloramphenicol - 3rd trimester can cause “grey-baby syndrome”
  • nitrofurantoin - avoid at term
  • quinolones - athropathy risk
  • tetracyclines - impairs skeletal and bone development
  • clarithromycin - avoid esp in first trimester
  • trimethoprim - avoid during 1st trimester
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12
Q

Which antibiotics are mostly nephrotoxic?

A
  • aminoglycosides

- glycopeptides

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13
Q

Which antibiotics are mostly ototoxic?

A
  • aminoglycosides - risk of irreversible ototoxicity - can’t use with loop diuretics
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14
Q

Which antibiotics are mostly hepatic toxic?

A
  • fluclox - jaundice can occur within 2 months of stopping. This is increased if given with methotrexate
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15
Q

Which antibiotics are mostly ocular toxic?

A
  • ethambutol - check eyes before and after treatment

- linezolid - risk of eye damage increased if used for more than 28 days

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16
Q

Which antibiotics can increase the risk of toxic mega colon?

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A
  • co-amoxiclav - least likely drug to be used in infections like C.diff
17
Q

Which antibiotics can cause tinnitus?

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A
  • vancomycin - avoid use in those who are deaf. Loop diuretics can cause this too!
18
Q

Which antibiotic can cause red man syndrome?

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A
  • vancomycin - occurs when an IV solution is infused rapidly. This happens due to the overstimulation of muscle cells causing release of histamine
19
Q

Which antibiotics can cause a black furry tongue?

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A
  • amoxicillin - rare SE
20
Q

Which antibiotics must you discontinue if intracranial HTN occurs?

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A
  • Tetracyclines - risk is increased if they’re given with isotretinoin
21
Q

Which antibiotics must be discontinued if diarrhoea occurs?

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A
  • Clindamycin - carries the greatest risk of C.difficile
22
Q

Which antibiotics are the most at risk of tendon damage and arthropathy?

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A
  • quinolones - arthropathy - joint inflammation, this is the reason they are not recommended in adolescents or children, arthropathy risk is greatest in them.
23
Q

Key abx interactions: Trimethoprim & warfarin?

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A

Trimethoprim increases warfarins anticoagulation effect

24
Q

Key abx interactions: Alcohol and metronidazole/tinidazole

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A

Avoid alcohol during and 48h after antibiotic course ends

25
Key abx interactions: Macrolides & simvastatin
omit statin during macrolide therapy and resume afterwards
26
Key abx interactions: Tetracycline & isotretinoin
- increases risk of intracranial HTN
27
Key abx interactions: quinolones and NSAIDS
increase risk of seizures
28
Key abx interactions: Macrolides & (Li, citalopram, antipsychotics)
Increase risk of QT prolongation
29
Key abx interactions: rivaroxaban and erythromycin
Increased risk of bleeding
30
Key abx interactions: methotrexate & fluclox
increased risk of hepatotoxicity
31
Which antibiotics do you need to take on an empty stomach?
- tetracyclines - sulfonamides - ciprofloxacin - azithromycin capsules - penicillins - except amoxicillin that can be taken AFTER or BEFORE food and pivmecilinam TAKEN W FOOD
32
Which antibiotics do you take with or after meals?
- nitrofurantoin - metronidazole - erythromycin - clarithromycin MR tabs - trimethoprim - itraconazole - griseofulvin
33
Which antibiotics do you take with a full glass of water?
- clindamycin - metronidazole - doxycycline
34
Which tetracyclines do you take with milk?
- doxycycline - lymecycline - minocycline Does Like Milk
35
MHRA alert: QUINOLONE
1. Tendon damage - more likely if taking corticosteroids or > 60 years 2. Arthropathy risk in children and adolescents thus avoid in this age group 3. Disabling and potentially long-lasting.irreversible SEs 4. Aortic aneruysm and dissection If sudden onset of back pain or severe abdominal chest pain - seek MDA
36
MHRA alert: Erythromycin
1. Pts with QT prolongation history - AVOID 2. Avoid rivaroxaban and erythromycin - INCREASED BLEEDING RISK 3. known risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, esp first 14 days post birth
37
MHRA alert: Aminoglycosides
1. Risk of histamine-related adverse drug reactions with some batches
38
Which antibiotics cause urine discolouration?
- metronidazole - dark brown or black urine | - nitrofurantoin
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