Which antibiotic classes inhibit cell wall formation?
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- carbapenems
- monobactams
MOA of Vancomycin
inhibits cell wall formation at earlier step than beta-lactams
MOA of Fluoroquinolones
inhibit topoisomerases and DNA replication
MOA of TMP/SMX
-inhibit DNA, RNA, protein synthesis (blocks folate pathway)
Which antibiotic classes inhibit protein synthesis at the ribosomes?
- aminoglycosides
- tetracyclines
- clindamycin
MOA of Macrolides
-inhibit RNA-dependent protein synthesis
MOA of Metronidazole
-reactive metabolites damage DNA
Mech of Resistance of Penicillins
- beta lactamase
- altered penicillin binding proteins (PBPs)
Mech of Resistance of Cephalosporins
- beta lactamase
- altered penicillin binding proteins (PBPs)
Mech of Resistance of Carbapenem
antagonism with other beta lactams
Mech of Resistance of Vancomycin
-VRE/VRSA
Mech of Resistance of Fluoroquinolones
- efflux pump
- gene mutations
- decreased permeability
Mech of Resistance of TMP/SMX
gene mutations
Mech of Resistance of Aminoglycosides
- inactivation by enzymes
- decreased binding/uptake
Mech of Resistance of Tetracyclines
- decreased permeability
- efflux pump
- altered PBPs
What are the classes of penicillin antibiotics?
-Narrow spectrum/natural
-Penicillinase-resistant penicillins (anti-staph)
-Extended Spectrum:
Amino-penicillins (+ beta-lactamase inhibitors)
Anti-pseudomonal penicillins (+/- beta-lactamase inhibitors)
What are the classes of cephalosporin antibiotics?
1st-3rd generations
What are the classes of fluoroquinolone antibiotics?
1st-4th generations
What are the classes of macrolide antibiotics?
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Erythromycin
Penicillin General Structure
-garage and house structure
beta lactam ring and 5 side thiazolidine ring
Cephalosporin General Structure
-garage and house with a porch
beta lactam ring and 6 side dihydrothiazine ring
Carbapenem General Structure
-garage and house w/ attic and clothesline
beta lactam ring and 5 side carbapenem ring with long chain coming off the attic
Fluoroquinolone General Structure
-3 hexagonal rings
