What is the philosophy of the police
- prevent crime and disorder
- police need the publics cooperation and approval
- physical force is last resort
What are the aims of the police
- keep peace and maintain order
- protect life and property
- prevent, detect, investigate crime
-bring offenders to justice - police achieve goals through powers given by PACE- stop, question, search
What are the working practices of the police
- police deal with all types of offences and offenders
- specialist officers- fraud, drug squads, covert operations, traffic and mounted police
What is the reach of the police
39 regional police forces in England and Wales, 4 in Wales, 1 in Scotland and 1 in Northern Ireland
Where does funding for the police come from
2020/21 police budget was £15.2bn
-2/3 from central government
- council tax
- small amount comes from charging for services e.g. football match
What is the philosophy of the CPS
- independence and fairness
- honesty and openness
- treat everyone with respect
What are the aims of the CPS
- advises police on their investigations about lines of enquiry and evidence needed
- independently assesses evidence submitted by police
- decides whether to prosecute and what charges to be brought
- prepares prosecutions cases and presents to court
What are the working practices of the CPS
- CPS deals with full range of offences and criminals, apart from very minor crimes
What is the reach of the CPS
CPS is national body through England and Wales, 14 regional areas responsible for prosecuting local area, each one headed by chief crown prosecutor
provides charging decisions24/7, 365 days a year
Where does the funding for the CPS come from
- most comes from central government
- budget of half a million a year
- CPS recovers necessary costs through courts awarding costs against defendants and recovering assets confiscated from criminals
What is the philosophy of the judiciary
- independence and fairness
- honesty and openness
- treat everyone with respect
- equality and inclusion
What are the aims of the judiciary
- interpret and apply law to cases that come to the court
- crown court- judge manages trial, ensures fairness, explains legal issues, sum up evidence, pass sentences if found guilty
- appeal court- judges make rulings on appeals that come before them from lower courts
What are the working practices of the judiciary
judges deal with all types of offences and offenders, except for least serious cases which are dealt with by magistrates
What is the funding of the judiciary
-2020, the most senior judge received £262,000 and district judges in lowest rank earned £112,000
What is the philosophy of prisons
- government agency respo0nsible for the UK’s prisons
- purpose is to ‘prevent victims by changing the lives of offenders’
What are the aims of prisons
- protect public from harm
- help people who have been convicted by rehabilitating them
- hold prisoners securely and implement sentences and orders of the court
What are the working practices of prisons
- deal with high risk offenders who not suitable to serve sentence in community
- range of seriousness ranges from theft to murder for example
- prisoners who have tried to escape are placed on escape list and have to be handcuffed and wear bright yellow clothing
What is the reach of prisons
- nationally organised- several prisons around the UK
- when offender sentenced, placed in local prison and then given security classification
- catA- highly dangerous to the public, murder, attempted murder, Wakefield
- catB- not require maximum security, difficult if in society, Pentonville
- catC- not trusted in open conditions, Birmingham
- catD- reasonabloy trusted to not escape, Kirkham
What is the funding of prisons
- prisons paid for out of taxation by government
- 2018, total budget was £3bn
What is the philosophy of the probation services
- belief that offenders can change for the better and become responsible
- belief in worth and dignity of individual
What are the aims of the probation services
- protect public by rehabilitating offenders by tackling reasons that cause them to commit crime
-works with offenders serving their sentence in the community
What are the working practices of probation
at any one time around 250,000 offenders are on probationW
What is the reach of the probation service
national service, work same standards throughout country, deliver same service regionally and nationally
What is the funding of the probation services
- in 2018, had budget of £4.6bn, shared between prison and probation services
- budget provided by government and comes from taxation
