True or False: It’s important to test keyboard accessibility with a screen reader turned on.
True
there are subtle differences in keyboard behaviors when the screen reader is on
What do the terms MUST, SHOULD, and MAY refer to in the WCAG conformance guidelines?
- MUST: Required
- SHOULD: Strongly recommended
- MAY: Optional or conditionally recommended
True or False: every page on a website must be tested for accessibility.
False
select a sample of pages that will be significantly representative of the entire site or application
How many pages need to be tested depends on the size of the site and the budget
List the 8 most important things to test, in order.
- Anything that occurs across the entire site, such as templates.
- Anything used to navigate, such as navigational menus.
- Anything used to accept payment or to commit the user (or organization) to a legal contract, such as Forms.
- Anything used during primary interaction with the site.
- Anything typically found to cause accessibility problems: Images, Forms, Tables, Frames, Interface Elements relying on client-side scripting, and Media.
- Anything typically used by persons with disabilities, such as site maps.
- Anything necessary for contacting the organization, such as contact forms and staff directories.
- Anything that gets a lot of traffic, such as the Home page or any of the pages that receive the top 80% of traffic.
Which type of content causes the most accessibility problems on the web?
images
- does alt text exist (can be checked with automated tests)
- is the alt text high quality (needs to be checked manually)
The first step to conducting web accessibility testing is:
A. Run automated tests
B. Define the scope of the test
C. Conduct manual testing
D. Plan for remediation of accessibility issues
E. Conduct regression testing
B. Define the scope of the test
What percentage of accessibility problems can be caught by automated testing?
30%
When beginning the actual testing process, what should testers do first?
A. Conduct keyboard accessibility testing
B. Check if color is used to convey meaning
C. Run an automated test
D. Test for form validation accessibility
C. Run an automated test
Your webpage has a set of radiobuttons for preferences. If you select the last radiobutton “other” focus is automatically moved to a text input where you can provide more information. All individual radiobuttons are labeled and the group as a whole has an associated label. Which, if any, WCAG violation applies?
A. 2.1.1 - Keyboard
B. 3.2.2 - Change on input
C. 2.4.3 - Focus order
D. None - this pattern is fully WCAG 2.1 AA conforming
B. 3.2.2 - Change on input
How can you navigate between headings using NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver?
NVDA & JAWS: type the letter H when in browse mode
VoiceOver: Ctrl + Opt + Cmd + h
You can also pull up a list of just the headings, and each screen reader has a slightly different way of doing that
What’s the built-in screen reader for iOS?
VoiceOver
What’s the built-in screen reader for Android?
TalkBack
True or False: You can customize web content to screen reader users by detecting which screen reader they’re using.
False
screen readers only interact with the browser, not the server, so there’s no way to detect it
Which phone is currently the most popular among blind users?
A. Windows Phone
B. iPhone
C. Android Phone
D. Blackberry Phone
B. iPhone
Which screen readers are available for Windows? (Select all that apply)
A. JAWS
B. VoiceOver
C. TalkBack
D. NVDA
E. Window-Eyes
F. C and D
G. A, D, and E
G. A, D, and E
True or False: When reading the number 300, if you hear VoiceOver say “Three zero zero” instead of “Three hundred”, it means you need to fix the way you wrote the number.
False
What do developers need to keep in mind about the virtual buffer of screen readers?
A. Blind users cannot access the virtual buffer
B. The virtual buffer is keyboard-accessible
C. There may be a delay between the time when an AJAX load event is complete and when the virtual buffer is updated
D. The virtual buffer must be invoked via JavaScript
C. There may be a delay between the time when an AJAX load event is complete and when the virtual buffer is updated
True or False: The only way a screen reader can read non-focusable content (e.g., paragraphs, headings, div elements, etc.) is to start at the beginning of the page and let the screen reader read everything on the page from beginning to end.
False
can be read in segments
True or False: Screen reader users sometimes explore forms by navigating through all the form fields before filling any of them out, to give them a better sense of what the form is like.
True
this is an issue if you validate on blur
How do you access forms mode on a screen reader?
put the keyboard focus on a form field
the form tag doesn’t trigger it automatically
What types of text will be read by screen readers when inside a form?
- Form labels with the
<label>tag. - Form labels with the
aria-labelattribute. - Form labels with the
aria-labelledbyattribute. - Text associated with form fields using the
aria-describedbyattribute (though there is a long delay in VoiceOver on Mac before that text is read). - The text in the
<legend>of the<fieldset>. - The text inside links.
- The text in any element with
tabindex="0".
True or False: While navigating from cell to cell, the screen reader will read the table headers (if any) for that cell.
True
Screen readers typically only read the new header information. If you navigate across a row, the screen reader will read the row header on the first cell, but not on the subsequent cells. It will read the relevant column headers though, because those represent new information.
Which screen reader mode in NVDA allows users to type “H” to go to the next heading?
A. Browse or document mode
B. Focus mode
C. Application mode
D. Forms mode
E. Table navigation mode
F. Scan mode
G. Virtual cursor
A. Browse or document mode
True or false: VoiceOver on OSX does not differentiate between document/browse mode and focus mode
True
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