Tx:
Metabolic acidosis
HCO3
IV fluids/rehydration
Causes:
Metabolic acidosis
Starvation
Renal failure
Loss of HCO3 (diarrhea)
Ingestion of acid
Causes:
Metabolic alkalosis
Excessive vomiting
Ingestion of bicarbonate
Prolonged diuretics
Tx:
Metabolic alkalosis
Acetyzolamide (increases output of HCO3)
Potassium sparing diuretics
KCl in NS
Causes:
Respiratory acidosis
Hypoventilation
Tx:
Respiratory acidosis
Bicarbonate
Chest PT
Bronchodilators
Anxiolytics
Causes:
Respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation
Lab values:
CO2
35-45
Lab values:
HcO3
22-26
PaCO2 is abnormal,
pH is normal
Compensation
>7.45=compensated alkalosis
<7.45=compensated acidosis
Lab values:
PaO2
> 80%
Lab values:
pH
7.35-7.45
R
O
M
E
Respiratory
Opposite=
pH high/PCO2 low- Alkalosis
pH low/PCO2 high- Acidosis
Metabolic
Equal=
pH high/HCO3 high- alkalosis
pH low/HCO3 low - acidosisLab values:
SaO2
> 95%