1
Q
ACID - BASE
A
- pH – the ‘potential’ or ‘power’ of Hydrogen
- A scale that identifies the acidity or basicity of a solution
- Look at hydrogen ions
- [H+] – the hydrogen ion concentration
2
Q
How to determine Acid or Base
A
- pH is the negative logarithm
- When the [H+] goes up, the pH goes down - ACID
- When the [H+] goes down, the pH goes up - ALKALINE
3
Q
Do acids have more or less H+ ions?
A
- Acids have more H+ ions
- Substances that can donate a H+
4
Q
Do bases have more or less H+ ions?
A
- Bases (alkaline substances) have less H+ ions
- Accept a H+ ions
- Give up hydroxide ion OH-
5
Q
What happens to acids in a solution?
A
- Strong acids – dissociate completely in solution
- Weak acids – dissociate partially
6
Q
How does hydrogen affect the body?
A
- Helps maintain cell membranes
- Helps with enzyme activity
- Component of H2O and keeps the body hydrated
- Helps in energy production
- Hydrogen is a component of = Sugars, Proteins, Starch, Fats
7
Q
Acid – Base Balance
A
- 7 is neutral
- Equal [H+] and [OH-]
- Body wants to keep within a ‘normal’ range (homeostasis)
- Normal pH: 7.35 – 7.45
- We measure this in the serum (blood)
- This not the same everywhere in the body
8
Q
Where is the pH highest in the body?
A
- The stomach is uniquely designed to handle HCl
- HCl found outside the stomach causes damage
- Duodenum has defense mechanisms to neutralize the acid
- LES prevents the movement of gastric acid into the esophagus
9
Q
Other places in the body pH is not 7.35-7.45?
A
- Digestive tract (varies from 4.0-8.5)
- Skeletal muscle 6.9 – 7.2
- Bone 7.4
- Liver 7.2
- Pleural fluid 7.6
10
Q
What electrolytes can be affected by acid/base imbalances?
A
- Na+
- K+
- Cl-
11
Q
What else can be effected by acid/base imbalances?
A
- Most enzymes function within narrow pH ranges
- Can affect hormones
- Oxygen transport and delivery also affected
12
Q
What are two types of acids in the body?
A
Volatile and Nonvolatile
- Volatile acids: can be eliminated from the body as a gas
- Nonvolatile acids: must be metabolized or excreted in fluid
13
Q
Volatile Acids
A
- Can be converted to gas
- Excreted/eliminated by the lungs
- One volatile acid in the body: Carbonic acid: H2CO3
H2CO3 H2O + CO2
14
Q
Nonvolatile Acids
A
Metabolized by the body – primarily the liver and kidney
- Lactic acid
Eliminated by the kidney
- Phosphoric acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Acetoacetic acid
- Beta-hydroxybutyric
15
Q
Does the body produce more acids or bases?
A
ACIDS
16
Q
What can change the pH in the body?
A
- Ingest in food/drink
- Metabolism of lipids and proteins
- Cellular metabolism waste product – CO2 a volatile acid
17
Q
Which is more difficult to correct acid or base imbalance?
A
- More difficult to correct an alkaline pH
- Want to avoid alkalosis, especially if the person is ill – the hgb hold on to oxygen more
18
Q
You are
AWESOME!
A
Acid Base Balance
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