Acids

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution (H+ Donor)

Question 2

Strong Acid

Answer 2

Fully dissociates when dissolved in water

Question 3

Weak Acid

Answer 3

Partially dissociates when dissolved in water (carboxylic acids and they use reversible arrow)

Question 4

Base

Answer 4

Substance that neutralises an acid e.g. carbonates, hydroxides and oxides

Question 5

Alkali

Answer 5

Soluble base which releases OH- ions in aqueous solution

Question 6

how do soluble metal hydroxides produce hydroxide ions

Answer 6

they dissociate

Question 7

how do soluble metal oxides produce hydroxide ions

Answer 7

they react with water

Question 8

how does ammonia produce hydroxide ions

Answer 8

it reacts with water (reversible reaction since ammonia is weak)

Question 9

common acids (4)

Answer 9

HCL
H2SO4
HNO3
CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

Question 10

common alkalis

Answer 10

NH3
KOH
NaOH

Question 11

Salt

Answer 11

Produced when an acid and a base react and the hydrogen ions of the acid is replaced by the metal ions (or ammonium sometimes)

Question 12

Acids+metal oxide=

Answer 12

salt+water

Question 13

acid+hydroxide

Answer 13

salt+water

Question 14

acid+carbonate

Answer 14

salt+water+carbon dioxide

Question 15

acid + ammonia

Answer 15

ammonium salt

Question 16

Titration method

Answer 16

1. rinse your equipment with distilled water
2. pipette 25 cm^3 of alkali into conical flask
3. add a few drops of indicator
4. use a white tile underneath the flask to help observe the colour change, add acid to alkali whilst swirling the mixture and add acid dropwise at end point,note burette reading before and after addition of acid
5. repeats titration until at least 2 concordant results are obtained- two readings within 0.1 of each other
   6.Working out average titre results

Question 17

how to make a standard solution

Answer 17

1. weigh out an accurate mass of solid in a clean dry beaker
2. add enough deionised water to dissolve the solid (stirring with a glass rod)
3. transfer the solution to a volumetric flask using a funnel
4. rinse beaker, stirring rod and funnel with deionised water and transfer washings to the volumetric flask
5. add deionised water to the volumetric flask to make up to the graduation mark, make sure the bottom of the meniscus is on the mark
6. stopper the flask and invert to mix thoroughly and ensure a homogenous solution

Question 18

Phenolphthalein (in acid, alkali and its end point)

Answer 18

acid- colourless
alkali- pink
end point- very pale pink

Question 19

Methyl orange(in acid, alkali and its end point)

Answer 19

acid- red
alkali- yellow
end point- orange