Acls

Question 1

What are the two shockable cardiac arrest rhythms?

Answer 1

Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Question 2

What are the non-shockable cardiac arrest rhythms?

Answer 2

Asystole and pulseless electrical activity

Question 3

What is the first medication given in cardiac arrest?

Answer 3

Epinephrine

Question 4

How often is epinephrine given during cardiac arrest?

Answer 4

Every three to five minutes

Question 5

When is amiodarone given in cardiac arrest?

Answer 5

After the third shock for refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Question 6

What is the first dose of amiodarone in cardiac arrest?

Answer 6

300 milligrams IV push

Question 7

What is the second dose of amiodarone in cardiac arrest?

Answer 7

150 milligrams IV push

Question 8

What is the purpose of epinephrine in cardiac arrest?

Answer 8

Increase coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure

Question 9

Why is high-quality CPR more important than medications?

Answer 9

It maintains blood flow to vital organs

Question 10

What is the correct compression rate during CPR?

Answer 10

100 to 120 compressions per minute

Question 11

What is the correct compression depth in adults?

Answer 11

At least 2 inches or 5 centimeters

Question 12

When is defibrillation indicated?

Answer 12

For ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Question 13

What is synchronized cardioversion used for?

Answer 13

Unstable tachycardia with a pulse

Question 14

What is the treatment for stable narrow-complex supraventricular tachycardia?

Answer 14

Vagal maneuvers followed by adenosine

Question 15

What is the first dose of adenosine for SVT?

Answer 15

6 milligrams rapid IV push

Question 16

What is the second dose of adenosine if needed?

Answer 16

12 milligrams rapid IV push

Question 17

Why must adenosine be given rapidly?

Answer 17

It has a very short half-life

Question 18

What rhythm is characterized by an irregularly irregular pattern with no P waves?

Answer 18

Atrial fibrillation

Question 19

What medication class is commonly used for rate control in atrial fibrillation?

Answer 19

Beta blockers or calcium channel blockers

Question 20

What is the hallmark ECG finding in ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 20

Wide complex tachycardia

Question 21

What is the treatment for unstable ventricular tachycardia with a pulse?

Answer 21

Synchronized cardioversion

Question 22

What is the treatment for symptomatic bradycardia?

Answer 22

Atropine

Question 23

What is the dose of atropine for symptomatic bradycardia?

Answer 23

1 milligram IV every three to five minutes up to 3 milligrams total

Question 24

If atropine fails in symptomatic bradycardia, what is next?

Answer 24

Transcutaneous pacing or dopamine or epinephrine infusion

Question 25

What is pulseless electrical activity?

Answer 25

Organized electrical activity without a palpable pulse

Question 26

What are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest known as the Hs and Ts?

Answer 26

Hypovolemia, hypoxia, hydrogen ion acidosis, hypo or hyperkalemia, hypothermia, tension pneumothorax, tamponade, toxins, thrombosis pulmonary, thrombosis coronary

Question 27

What ECG change is associated with hyperkalemia?

Answer 27

Peaked T waves

Question 28

What ECG change is associated with hypokalemia?

Answer 28

Flattened T waves and U waves

Question 29

What ECG finding suggests acute myocardial infarction?

Answer 29

ST segment elevation in contiguous leads

Question 30

What does ST depression typically indicate?

Answer 30

Myocardial ischemia

Question 31

What is the initial treatment for suspected STEMI?

Answer 31

Aspirin unless contraindicated

Question 32

What is the purpose of defibrillation?

Answer 32

Terminate chaotic electrical activity

Question 33

Why is asystole not shockable?

Answer 33

There is no organized electrical activity to reset

Question 34

What is the target oxygen saturation after return of spontaneous circulation?

Answer 34

94 to 99 percent

Question 35

What blood pressure goal is recommended after ROSC?

Answer 35

Maintain MAP at least 65 millimeters of mercury

Question 36

Why should hyperventilation be avoided during CPR?

Answer 36

It decreases venous return and cardiac output

Question 37

What rhythm shows P waves that are unrelated to QRS complexes?

Answer 37

Third degree heart block

Question 38

What is the treatment for unstable third degree heart block?

Answer 38

Immediate pacing

Question 39

What is torsades de pointes associated with?

Answer 39

Prolonged QT interval

Question 40

What is the treatment for torsades de pointes?

Answer 40

Magnesium sulfate

Question 41

What is the purpose of synchronized cardioversion?

Answer 41

Deliver shock timed with the R wave to avoid inducing ventricular fibrillation

Question 42

What is the primary determinant of survival in cardiac arrest?

Answer 42

Early defibrillation and high-quality CPR