Factors Affecting Earth’s Natural Systems: LACOS
L – Latitude
A – Altitude
C – Continentality
O – Oceanity
S – Seasonality
Human Activities and Spatial Patterns: DICE
D – Diversity of settlement patterns
I – Industrial and agricultural production
C – Culture (spatial patterns)
E – Economic integration
Land Use and Cover Change: LURC
L – Land use (agriculture, urban)
U – Urbanization
R – Resource extraction
C – Climate impacts
Geographical Investigation Process: PRAE
P – Planning (Hypothesis)
R – Research (Primary/Secondary Data)
A – Analysis (Interpreting results)
E – Evaluation (Conclusions and reliability)
Geographical Skills (Topographic Maps and Data Interpretation): TACVO
T – Topographic maps (Aspect/Gradient/Bearings)
A – Analysis of climate graphs
C – Cross-sections and transects
V – Vertical exaggeration
O – Orientation (Bearings, Direction)
challange
political, economic, technological, cultural, environmental
principles
precautionary, conservation of biological diversity ecological integrity, intergenerational (future)
pillars 4
social, economic, environmental, cultural
value
Intrinsic Value
→ The value ecosystems have just by existing, regardless of their usefulness to humans.
Example: A rainforest has worth even if no one visits it.
Utility Value
→ The practical or useful benefits ecosystems provide to humans.
Example: Trees provide oxygen, food, and medicine.
Economic Value
→ The financial benefits ecosystems offer, often through industries like tourism, fishing, or farming.
Example: The Great Barrier Reef boosts tourism income.
the need to allow natural change.
heritage
