Action Theory: Structuration Theory

Question 1

What does Giddens’s Structuration Theory Argue?

Answer 1

• both structural and action theories have valid points
• We can experience Society as an external structure that influences behaviour but also feel that we make independent choices
  e.g laws regulate behaviour but we can still follow or break them

Question 2

Explain the Duality of Structure

Answer 2

• Structure and Action are interdependent
• Social structures shape human actions but are also created and sustained by those actions
• Structures give us rules and resources to act while actions maintain or alter structures

Question 3

Explain the reproduction of structures

Answer 3

• Everyday actions usually reinforce existing structures
• e.g using english grammar keeps language intact
• Actions can also transform structures
• e.g adding new words can change language over time

Question 4

Explain Change through Agency

Answer 4

• We constantly reflect on our actions and adjust them
• change occurs when:
  1. people deliberately act differently from established norms
  2. Actions unintentionally create new patterns

Question 5

Strengths of Structuration theory

Answer 5

• Bridges structure and action - overcomes divide between structure and action by showing interconnectedness

Question 6

2 Criticisms of structuration theory

Answer 6

1. Archer argues Giddens underestimates how much structures can resist change
2. Doesn’t fully address how powerful institutions like the state,economy or class system limit abillity to reshape society