Actions

Question 1

Adenosine

Answer 1

-Slows electrical conductivity through AV node

Question 2

Albuterol

Answer 2

• Activates the beta-2 adrenergic receptors to relax smooth muscle
• Bronchodilation, relieves bronchospasms, and reduces airway resistance

Question 3

Amiodarone

Answer 3

• Prolongs duration of action potential and effective refractory period
• Includes noncompetitive beta-adrenoreceptor and calcium channel blocker activity

Question 4

Aspirin

Answer 4

• Interrupts Thromboxone A2 (TA2)

- Inhibits prostaglandins

Question 5

Atropine Sulfate

Answer 5

• Competes with acetylcholine receptor sites at SA and AV nodes
• Increases heart rate by increasing conduction at SA and AV nodes
• Inhibits secretions by decreasing PNS on bronchial, salivary, sweat and GI glands

Question 6

Brethine

Answer 6

• Causes effects of beta 2

- Has some effects on beta 1

Question 7

Calcium Gluconate

Answer 7

Cardioprotective agent in hyperkalemia

Question 8

Cardizem

Answer 8

• Slows conduction at AV node

- Causes coronary and peripheral vasodilation

Question 9

Detrose 50%

Answer 9

Increase blood glucose by providing free sugar quickly released into the blood stream

Question 10

Diazepam

Answer 10

• Increases the effect of gamma - aminyobutyvic acid (GAMA)
• Acts on the CNS to raise the seizure threshold in the motor cortex
• Causes amnesia

Question 11

Diphenhydramine

Answer 11

Binds to histamine receptor sites, suppressing histamine induced allergic symptoms

Question 12

Dopamine

Answer 12

• At low and medium doses beta effects, mostly inotropic
• At medium to high dose alpha and beta effects
• At high doses alpha effects

Question 13

Epi 1:1000

Answer 13

• Bronchodilation (beta 2)
• Vasocontriction (alpha)
• On the heart (beta-1):
  
  • Increased heart rate / chronotropic
  • Increased contractility / inotropic
  • Increased AV conduction / dromotropic
  • Increased automaticity / dromotropic

Question 14

Epi 1:10,000

Answer 14

• Bronchodilation (beta 2)
• Vasocontriction (alpha)
• On the heart (beta-1):
  
  • Increased heart rate / chronotropic
  • Increased contractility / inotropic
  • Increased AV conduction / dromotropic
  • Increased automaticity / dromotropic

Question 15

Etomidate

Answer 15

Exact measure is unknown but appears to have GABA effects

Question 16

Fentanyl

Answer 16

Combines with receptor in the brain to produce analgesic effects

Question 17

Flumazenil

Answer 17

Decreases the effect of GABA

Question 18

Furosemide

Answer 18

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride primarily in Loop of Henle and also in proximal and distal renal tubules

Question 19

Glucagon

Answer 19

Increases blood glucose by converting glycogen stored in the liver to glucose

Question 20

Haloperidol

Answer 20

• Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain associated with mood and behavior
• Exerts strong antiemetic effects and impairs central thermoregulation

Question 21

Ipratroprium

Answer 21

Blocks acetylcholine at receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle

Question 22

Lidocane

Answer 22

Sodium channel blocker

Question 23

Lorazepam

Answer 23

• Enhances the effects of GABA

- Effects: anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant

Question 24

Magnesium Sulfate

Answer 24

• CNS depressant

- Depressant of smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle

Question 25

Mannitol

Answer 25

Causes a fluid shift in the brain, pulls the fluid into the vascular space and causes it to be urinated off (diuretic effect)

Question 26

Metoclopramide

Answer 26

- Elevation of Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) threshhold | - Sensitizes GI smooth muscle to effects of acetylcholine by direct action

Question 27

Metoprolol

Answer 27

Blocks beta-1 receptor sites causing: - Decresed HR - Decreased cardiac output - Decrease BP

Question 28

Midazolam

Answer 28

- Intensifies activity of GABA | - Calms, relaxes skeletal muscles, and in high doses causes sleep

Question 29

Morphine Sulfate

Answer 29

- CNS depressant acting on opiate receptors in the brain - Potent pain reliever and sedative - Relaxes respiratory effort

Question 30

Naloxone

Answer 30

Reverses effects of opioid overdose by occupying opiate receptor sites

Question 31

Nitroglycerine

Answer 31

- Relaxes systemic venous and arterial vessels causing vasodilatation - Dilates coronary arteries

Question 32

Opthaine

Answer 32

Blocks the pain receptors in the eye

Question 33

Oxytocin

Answer 33

Stimulates uterine contractions

Question 34

Procainamide

Answer 34

- Increases duration of the refractory period - Depresses the excitability of the myocardium to electrical stimulation, and reduces conduction velocity in the atria, ventricles, His-Purkinje system

Question 35

Promethazine

Answer 35

- Takes away the sensation to vomit by antagonizing H1 receptors - Possible depressor of Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) in medulla

Question 36

Racemic Epinephrine

Answer 36

- Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, with a slight preference on beta 2 receptors - Causes bronchodilation and a decrease in mucus secreation

Question 37

Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 37

A potent systemic antacid, raises the pH of blood by buffering excess hydrogen ions (acidosis)

Question 38

Methylprednisone Sodium

Answer 38

Decreases the inflammatory response

Question 39

Succinylcholine

Answer 39

Works on skeletal muscle, blocks voluntary muscles

Question 40

Thiamine

Answer 40

Necessary for carbohydrate metabolism (helps breakdown sugar)

Question 41

Vecuronium Bromide

Answer 41

Inhibits neuromuscular transmission by competitive binding with acetylcholine to motor receptors

Question 42

Verapamil

Answer 42

- Inhibits calcium ion influx through slow channels into cell of myocardial and arterial smooth muscle - Decreases and slows SA and AV node

Question 43

Zofran

Answer 43

- Reduces the sensation to vomit | - Action not fully characterized

Question 44

Ketamine

Answer 44

Inhibition of NMDA receptors resulting in dissociate state