Actions_Upper Extremity

Question 1

Trapezius

Answer 1

Upper: elevation of scapula, scapular upward rotation

With insertion fixed: cervical extension (bilateral), capital extension (bilateral), extension and lateral flexion of head and neck to SAME side (unilateral), rotation of head and neck to opposite side (unilateral)

Middle: scapular adduction

Lower: scapular depression, adduction, and upward rotation

Question 2

Rhomboid Major and Minor

Answer 2

scapular adduction, elevation, and downward rotation

Question 3

Levator Scapulae

Answer 3

scapular elevation, adduction, and downward rotation, cervical rotation to the SAME side (unilateral), cervical side bending to the same side (unilateral)

assists cervical extension (bilateral)

Question 4

Serratus Anterior

Answer 4

scapular abduction and upward rotation

Question 5

Pectoralis Minor

Answer 5

scapular protraction/abduction (Kendall calls it anterior tilt of the scapula)

elevation of ribs in forced expiration when scapula is fixed by levator scapulae

Question 6

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 6

shoulder extension, adduction, and IR

• hyperextension of spine (bilateral action with humeral attachment fixed)
• anterior tilt of the pelvis (bilateral action with humeral attachment fixed)

Question 7

Pectoralis Major

Answer 7

Whole Muscle: shoulder adduction and IR, elevation of the thorax with forced inspiration (with upper extremities fixed)

Upper (clavicular): shoulder IR, flexion, and horizontal adduction

Lower (sternocostal): obliquely adduct shoulder toward opposite hip, shoulder extension from flexed position

Question 8

Subscapularis

Answer 8

shoulder IR, stabilization of GH joint

Question 9

Subclavius

Answer 9

depresses and moves clavicle forward

assist shoulder depression

Question 10

Deltoid

Answer 10

Anterior: shoulder flexion, IR, abduction, and horizontal adduction

Middle: shoulder abduction

Posterior: shoulder extension, ER, abduction, and horizontal abduction

Question 11

Supraspinatus

Answer 11

shoulder abduction, stabilization of GH joint

Question 12

Infraspinatus

Answer 12

shoulder ER, stabilization of GH joint

Question 13

Teres Minor

Answer 13

shoulder ER, stabilization of GH joint

Question 14

Teres Major

Answer 14

shoulder extension (from a flexed position), shoulder adduction, shoulder IR

Question 15

Coracobrachialis

Answer 15

shoulder flexion and adduction

Question 16

Biceps Brachii

Answer 16

shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, supination, stabilization of GH joint

Question 17

Brachialis

Answer 17

elbow flexion

Question 18

Triceps Brachii

Answer 18

Whole: elbow extension

Long head: assists shoulder extension and adduction

Question 19

Brachioradialis

Answer 19

elbow flexion

Question 20

Anconeus

Answer 20

elbow extension (weak)

Question 21

Supinator

Answer 21

supination of forearm

Question 22

Pronator Teres

Answer 22

pronation of forearm

assists elbow flexion

Question 23

Pronator Quadratus

Answer 23

pronation of forearm

Question 24

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Answer 24

wrist extension and radial deviation

assist elbow flexion

Question 25

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Answer 25

wrist extension assist radial deviation

Question 26

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 26

wrist extension and ulnar deviation

Question 27

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Answer 27

wrist flexion and radial deviation assist elbow flexion and pronation

Question 28

Palmaris Longus

Answer 28

wrist flexion, tenses palmar fascia

Question 29

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 29

wrist flexion and ulnar deviation assist elbow flexion

Question 30

Extensor Digitorum

Answer 30

MP extension (digits 2-5) IP extension in conjunction with the hand intrinsics (digits 2-5); without the intrinsics produces MP hyperextension assist wrist extension

Question 31

Extensor Indicis

Answer 31

MP extension of index finger IP extension in conjunction with the hand intrinsics in the index finger assist wrist extension

Question 32

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Answer 32

PIP flexion (digits 2-5) assists MP flexion (digits 2-5) and wrist flexion

Question 33

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Answer 33

DIP flexion (digits 2-5) Assists MP and PIP flexion (digits 2-5) and wrist flexion

Question 34

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Answer 34

little finger MP and IP extension in conjunction with hand intrinsics in the little finger assist wrist extension

Question 35

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Answer 35

little finger abduction assist little finger opposition, may assist little finger MCP flexion and IP extension

Question 36

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Answer 36

little finger MP flexion assist little finger opposition

Question 37

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Answer 37

little finger opposition

Question 38

Palmaris Brevis

Answer 38

corrugates skin on the ulnar side of the hand

Question 39

Lumbricals

Answer 39

MP flexion and simultaneous IP extension 4th lumbrical assists opposition of 5th digit

Question 40

Dorsal Interossei

Answer 40

MP abduction of index, middle, and ring fingers Assist MP flexion, IP extension, and thumb adduction (1st DI)

Question 41

Palmar Interossei

Answer 41

MP adduction of index, ring, and little fingers Assists MP flexion, IP extension, assist opposition of digit 5 (3rd PI)

Question 42

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Answer 42

thumb CMC abduction and extension, radial deviation assist wrist flexion (weak)

Question 43

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Answer 43

thumb IP extension assist thumb MP extension, thumb CMC extension, and radial deviation

Question 44

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 44

thumb MP extension, CMC extension, and CMC abduction assist radial deviation and wrist extension

Question 45

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Answer 45

thumb IP flexion assist MP flexion, CMC flexion, and wrist flexion

Question 46

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 46

thumb MP flexion, CMC flexion assist thumb opposition

Question 47

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 47

thumb CMC abduction, MP abduction assist thumb opposition and thumb IP extension

Question 48

Opponens Pollicis

Answer 48

thumb CMC opposition (via simultaneous CMC flexion, abduction, and IR)

Question 49

Adductor Pollicis

Answer 49

thumb CMC adduction assist thumb MP adduction and thumb MP flexion