Pharmacology Final > Active substances > Flashcards

Active substances Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Topic 9: Sedato Hypnotics

A

Alpha 2 agonist
-(Clonidine)
-Xylazine
-Detomidine
-Medetomidine
-Dexmedetomidine
-Romifidine

Alpha 2 antagonists
-atipamezole
-Yohimbine& Tolazoline

Anxiolytics (minor Tranquilisers)
Benzidiazepines
-Diazepam
-Midazolam
-Alprazolam (XANAX)
-Propandiol derivatives (meprobamate)

Barbiturates
-Phenobarbital

Others include alcohol, aldehydes, Br-, Mg2+, salts, antihistamines, antidepressants, melatonin, Pheromones

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2
Q

Topic 12: Opioids, anti NGF monoclonal antibodies

A

Morphine (+acepromazine comb.)
Fentanyl (Sufentanil, Remifentanil)
Tramadol
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Naloxone

NGF
-ranevetmab
-Frunevetmab

ketamine
amantadine
gabapentin

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3
Q

Topic 16: General Anaesthesia, Inhalational Anaesthetics

A

Inorganic
-N2O, Xenon Gas

Organic
-Chloroform
-Halothane
-Isoflurane
-Desflurane
-Sevoflurane
-Methoxyflurane

only N2O is analgesic

injectabale
-barbiturates
-steroid anastethetics (alfadalone, alfaxolone
-imidazole (etomidate
-NMDA
Micro emulsio (propofol

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4
Q

Topic 15: General Anaesthesia, Injectable Anaesthetics

A

Barbiturates
-Pentobarbital
-Methorexital
-Thiopental

Steroid Anaethetics
-Alfadalone& Alfaxolone= Althesin

Imidazole
-Etomidate

NMDAr Antagonists, Dissociative Anaesthetics
-Ketamine
-Tiletamine

Other
-Propofol
-Tricaine MEthanesulfonate

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5
Q

Topic 10: Amticonvulsants, Antiepileptics

A

Phenobarbital
Potassium Bromide PB
Levetiracetam
Imepitoin
Gabapentin
Diazepam, Midazolam

Status epilepticus
-diazepam or midazolam
phenobarbital or pentobarbital
propofol
isoflurane

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6
Q

Topic 11: Antidepressants, behaviour modifiers

A

Neuroleptics

Phenothiazine
-Acepromazine

Benzodiazapine
-Diazepam
-Alprazolam
-Lorazepam
-Midazolam

MAOi (mono amine Oxidase inhibitors)
-Selegiline

Selective seotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
-Fluoxetine
-Sertraline

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
-Clomipramine
-Amitriptyline

Other drugs
-Mirtazapine
-Zylkene
-other natural substances (DAP, calming food, tryptophan, alpha theanine etc. catnip?

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7
Q

Topic 13: Local anaesthetics

A

Esters
-Procaine
-Chloroprocaine
-Oxybuprovaine
-Tetracaine
-Benzocaine
-Cocaine

Amides
-Lidocaine
-Ropivacaine
-Bupivacaine
-Mepivacaine
-Prilocaine

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8
Q

Topic 27: Pharmacology of cardiac contractility: digitalis glycosides, phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A

Positive Inotropic Drugs
Acute heart failure
-Epinephrine
-Dobutamine
-Dopamine

Chronic Heart Failure
Digitalis Glycosides
-Digoxin
Pimobendan/PDE inhibitors
-Pimobendan

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9
Q

Topic 28: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, vasoactive agents

A

ACE Inhibitors
-Captopril
-Enalapril
-Ramipril
-Benazepril
-Lisinopril

Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists
-Telmisartin
-Valsartan
-Losartan

Vasodilators

Ca2+ channel blockers

Dihydropyridines,
* Amlodipine
* Nifedipine

Non-dihydropyridines,
* Verapamil,
* Diltiazem

Organic Nitrates
-Nitroglycerin

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10
Q

Topic 26: Antiarrhythmic drugs

A

Na-channel blockers
* Quinidine(1a)
* Procainamide(1a)
* Lidocaine(1b)
* Mexiletine(1b)

beta-receptor blockers
* propranolol

  • metoprolol
  • atenolol
  • esmolol
  • carvedilol

K channel blockers
* Solatolo
* Amiodarone

Ca channel blockers
* Amlodipine
* nifedipine
* Diltiazem
* Verapamil

Digoxin

KNOW THE VAUGHN WILLIAMS CLASSIFICATION

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11
Q

Topic24: Bronchodilators, respiratory anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Bronchodilators
-Adrenaline
-Isoproterenol
-Ephedrine
-Beta 2 agonist
-salbutamol
-terbutaline
-clenuterole

Anticholinergic substances
-Atropine
-Glycopyrolate
-Ipratropium

Xanthine derivatives
-caffeine
-Theophylline
-Theobromine

respiratory anti inflammatory drugs
-fluticasone
-beclomethasone
-dexmethasone
-Na chromoglycate
-nedocromil

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12
Q

Topic 32: Emetic and antiemetic agents, prokinetic drugs

A

Emetics
-Apomorphin
-Ropinirol
-Xylazine

Peripheral Emetics
-syrup of ipecacuanha
-H2O2

Antiemetics
Phenothiazines
-Acepromazine
-Chlorpromazine
-Proprionylpromazine
-prometazine

Dompanime antagonists
-Metoclopramide
-Domperidone

Serotonin Antagonists
-Ondasetron
-Dolasetron

Antihistamines
-dimehydrinate
-diphenhydramine

Neurokinin
-Maropitant-citrate

Prokinetics
-Metoclopramide Domperidone
-cisapride
-Prukaloprid
-Ranitidine

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13
Q

Topic 34: Laxatives and antidiarrheals, appetite stimulants

A

Stimulant Laxatives
-Ricinus
-Phenolopthalein
-Bisacodyl
-Emodin
-Docusate

Osmotic Laxative
-Na2SO4
-MgSO4
-Na-citrate
-Lactulose

Colloidal Laxative
-COrnmeal (pumpkin)
Coating Agents
-Liquid Paraffin
Other phosphate salt etc.

Antidiarrheals
-activated charcoal
-kaolin
-Montmorillonit
Adstringents
-Bismuth Salts
-Tannic Acid
Motility Modifiers
-Atropine
Morphine derivatives
-diphenoxylate
-loperamide

Appetite Stimulkants
-B-vitamins
Anabolic steroids
-nandrolone
-Stanozolole
Benzodiazapines
-Diazepam
Cyproheptadin
Propofol
Mirtazapine

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14
Q

Topic 33: Pharmacology of the treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers

A

Antacid:
systemic
-NaHCO3
Non systemic
-MgO
-CaCO3
-AlOH3

H2 Antagonists
-CImitidine
-Ranitidine
-Famotidine
PRoton Pump Inhibitors
-Omeprazole
-Pantoprazole
Coating AGents
-Sucralfate
PGE-Analogues
-Misoprostole

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15
Q

Topic 35: Pharmacology of liver protection

A

Cholagogues
cholekinetics
-MgSO4
-Mint or tumeric
Cholerretics
-Ursodeoxycholic acid, Ursodiol
-Clanbutin Menbutone

Hepatoprotectives
-silymarin/silibinin

Lipoptropic agents
-choline, methionine
-SAMe

Chelators
-D-penicillamine

others
-glucose, fructose
-NAC
-Vitamin E, c Selenium

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16
Q

Topic 29: Diuretics

A

Cardial Diuretics
-Digoxin
-xanthine derivatives
-ACE inhibitors

Osmotic diuretics
-mannitol
-glycerine

Carbohydrase Inhibitors
-acetazolamide
-DOrzolamide
-Brinzolamide

Loop diuretics
-Furosemide
-Torsemide

Thiazides
-Chlorothiazide
-Hydrochlorothiazide

Potassium sparing diuretics
-Spirinolactone

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17
Q

Topic 36: Pharmacology of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

A

Hormones of Adenohypophysis
Somatotropin
Coritcotropin
Thyrotropin
Gonadotropin
-FSH
-LH

Hormones of the Neurohypophysis
* -Antidiuretic (vasopressin ADH)
* -Oxytocin

Sermirelin
Samatran
Octreotide, Lanreotide
Cabergoline
Pegvisomant

Corticootropin
-tetracosactride, COsyntropin
-CRH

Thyrotropin

Antidiuretic Hormones
ADH
Vasopressin
Desmopressin
Chlorapromide
Thiazide DIuretics

Conivaptan
Tolvaptan, Lixivaptan

Oxytocin

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18
Q

Topic 41: Insulin and other antidiabetic drugs

A

Insulin
-Crystalline Zinc, regular insulin
-insulin zinc suspension
-protamine sinz insulin
-isophane Insulin
-Surfen Insulin

Oral antidiabetics
-sulphonylurea
–Glipizide

-glinides
–Nateglinide

-Biguanides
–Phenformin
–Buformin
–Metformin

-Thiazolidine Diones

-Acarbose

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19
Q

Topic 40: Pharmacology of adrenal cortex diseases – Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease

A

Aldosterone
Desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP)
FLuticortisone Acetate

Bromocriptine
Cyproheptadine HCL

Ketoconazole
Mitotane
Trilostane

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20
Q

Topic 39: Pharmacology of thyroid hormones

A

MIT
DIT
MIT+DIT= T3
DIT+DIT=T4
T3, T4
TSH, TBG

Levothyroxin

Iodine
131I Isotope
Thiouracils
Propylthiouracil
Thiomazole, Methimazole
Carbamazole

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21
Q

Topic 37: Pharmacology of drugs influencing reproductive functions: GnRH analogues,
gonadotropins, progestagens

A

Gonadorelin
BUserelin
Ferirelin
Deslorelin
Lecirelin

Melatonin
FSH/LH

Pregnant Mare equine serum Gonadotroppin PMSG Equine Chorion gonadotropin eCG

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin hCG

Progestogen
* medroxz progesterone
* fluorogestone Acetate
* Norgestomet
* Proligestone and megestrol acetate
* altrenogest
* melengestrol acetate

anti progestogen
* aglepristone

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22
Q

Topic 38: Pharmacology of drugs influencing reproductive functions: estrogens, androgens,
prostaglandins

Study These Flashcards
A

Oestrogen

  • Oestradiol Benzonate
  • estradiol cypionate
  • estradiol valerate
  • prolan-S
  • sesoral tablet
  • crestar implant

Estrogen like
* Stilbenes (Diethylstilbestrol, Hexoestrol) (
* Zeranol

anti estrogen compounds
* Tamoxifen
* Raloxifen
* Clomiphene

Androgens(anabolic steroids)
* Natural (Testosterone, androsterone …)
* stanozol
* methandienone
* Nandrolone

anti androgens
* -ciproterone
* -demadinon
* -finasteride

Prostaglandin
* Misoprostol
* Dinoprost
* Cloprostenol

synthetic analogues prostagglandins
-alfaprosterol
-PGF 2alpja dinoprost
-cloprostenol
-Luprostiol
-Etiproston

23
Q

Topic 42: Pharmacology of drugs affecting uterus muscle function

Study These Flashcards
A

Uterine stimulatin agents
Oxytocin
* Carbectocin

Prostaglandins
* -PGE2, PGF2alpha
* -dinoprost
* -cloprostenol

Ergot alkaloids
-ergotamides
-ergometrines
-ergotoxins
-ergolits
* Bromocriptine, Cabergoline

Beta2 adrenoreceptor agonists
* -clenbuterol
* -terbutaline

Antispasmadic
* Denaverine
* vetrabutin

-proquamezine

parasympatholytics
-atropine
-homotropine

Aminoperazine

24
Q

Topic 30: Pharmacology of haemostasis and thrombosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Antiplatelet agents

COX inhibitors
-Acetylsailicic Acid, Aspirin

ADP receptor inhibitors
-Clopidogrel

Anticoagulants
-Vitamin K anatagonists
–Warfarin
–Heparin
* Dalteparin
* Fraxiparin
* Enoxaparin
-Antagonist (Protamine)

-Thrombolytic agents
* –Strptokinase
*
-Anticvoagulants inhibitors
* –Protamine
* –Etamsylat

25
Topic 31: Treatment of anaemia
Erythropoitin -Epoetin alpha rhEPO-alpha -Eprex -Darbepoetin iron dextran Fe3+
26
Topic 21. Antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists
1st generationAntihistamines Ethyenediamines -CHloropyramine -Chlorpheniramine Ethanolamine -RACEMIC MIX -DIphenhydramine -Dimenhydrinate Phenothiazines -promethiazine Piperazine -Hydroxine others -Dimetindene -Cyproheptadine 2nd Generation -Loratadine -Cetirizine -Levoceterizine PLA2inhibitors -gcc -lox inhibitors -zileuton Leukotriene receptor antagonist Zafirlukast montelukast
27
Topic 22: JAK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies
Jak inhibitors oclacitinib Monoclonal antibodies Lokivetmab
28
Topic 19: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Acidic substances sallicylates -acetylsalycic Acid -Na Salicylate -Sulfasalazine, mesalazine Arilpropionic Acids -ketoprofen -vedaprofen -Carprofen Anthranilic Acids -Flunixin Meglumine -Tolfenamic Acid Butyl Pyrazolidines -Phenylbutazone Oxicams -Piroxicam -Meloxicam non acidic substances aniline derivatives -paracetamol pyrazolones -Metamizole sodium Coxibs -deracoxib -Firocoxib -Robenacoxib -Cimicoxib -Mavacoxib -celecoxib -enfliocoxib
29
Topic 20: Glucocorticoids
Short Acting -cortisol -cortisone middle acting -prednisolone -prednison -methylprednisolone -triamcinolone long acting -dexmethasone -betamethasone -flumetasone OTHER -beclomethasone -budesonide -Fluticasone
30
Topic 23: Immunosuppressive drugs
Antimetabolite Purine Analogues -Azathioprin -Mycophonolate Mofetil Pyrimidine Analogues -Leflunomide Folic Acid Antagonists -Methorextate Calcineuron inhibitors -cyclosporin -tacrolimus -Pimecrolimus
31
Topic 43: Principles of chemotherapy
Antimicrobial Antineoplastic -Azathioprine -Mycophenolate-mofetil -Methorextate -Cyclophosphamide -Gluccorticoids -Tacrolimus, Pimecromilus Antiparasitic
32
Topic 68: Disinfectants – halogen- (iodine and chlorine) containing compounds, biguanides
Halogen and Halogen containing compounds Iodine -iodine tincture -strong iodine tincture -Iodine solution -lugols solution - iodine glycerol solution -inophores (providone iodine) Chlorine containing inorganic chlorides -sodium hypochloride solutions BLEACH -Calcium hypochlorite -chlorinated lime Organic chlorides -Chloramine T Chloramine B Biguanides -Chlorhexidine CHlorhexidine soaps and alcohol mixtures 1%chlorhexidine acetate ointment 4% emulsion chlorhexidine gluconate
33
Topic 69. Disinfectants – acids, alkalies, aldehydes, alcohols, surfactants
Acids weak organic acids acetic acid, lactic acid Alkalis -OH- -2% soda lye -Calcium Oxide Aldehydes alkylating reducing agents -formaldehyde -Glutaraldehyde -Formalin -Glutaral Sukphur DIoxide alcohols -Ethyl alcohol -isopropanol -Polyalcohols (glycols Surfactants -Benzalkonium chloride -Brodophen -Didecyldimethylammonium Bromide -dioctyldimethylamoonium Bromide Hexachlorophene Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) Metals+Silver+Dyes
34
Topic 44: Penicillins
Narrow spectrum penicillins -Benzylpenicillin (Na, K, Procaine, Benzathine, -phenxymethyl penicillin Penicillinase stable penicillins acid sensitive -Methicillin Acid resitant -oxacillin -cloxacillin -Dicloxacillin -Flucloxacillin Broad Spectrum Penicillins -Ampicillin -Amoxicillin PEnicillins against PSEUDOMONAS SPP. -Peperacillin+Tazobactam -Ticarcillin -Carbenicillin
35
Topic 45: Cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems
1st generation Oral -Cephalexine Parenteral -Cephapirin -Cephacetril -Cephazoline 2nd generation Oral -Cephaclor Parenteral -Cephuroxime -cephotetan -cephoxitin 3rd generations -cephoperazone -cephtiofur -cephovecin 4th generation parenteral -Cephquinome Monobactams -Aztreonam -Tigemonam Carbapenem -Meropenem -imipenem +(cilastatin) -Etrapenam -Doripenam
36
Topic 46: Aminoglycosides
Streptomycin Neomycin Gentamycin Spectinmycin Aprmycin Tobramycin Amikacin Paromomycin
37
Topic 47: Tetracyclines
Oxytetracycline Chlortetracycline DOxyclycline Minocycline Tetracycline Demeclocycline
38
Topic 49: Macrolides
Erythromycin Spiramycin Tylosin Tilmicosin Tylvalosin Tulathromycin Gamithromycin Tildipirosin Azithromycin Clarithromycin
39
Topic 48: Phenicols
CHloramphenicol Tiamphenicol Florphenicol
40
Topic 50. Lincomycins, pleuromutilins
Lincosamides -Lincomycin -CLindamycine Pleuromutalins -Tiamulin -Valnemulin
41
Topic 53: Polypeptide antibiotics, rifampicin
1st gen. -Vancomycin -Teicoplanin -Ramoplanin 2nd Gen. -Oritavancin -Telavancin RIFAMYCIN RIFAMPICIN RIFABUTIN RIFAMIXIN Mupirocin Polymyxin B,E,M Bacitracin Zn
42
Topic 55. Sulfonamides and diaminopyrimidines
Sulphonamides LOCAL -Sulfacetamide -Mafenide -Silver sulfadiazine -Sulfathiazine -Sulfaguandine SYSTEMIC -Sulphadimidine -Sulfachlorpyridazine -Sulfadozine -Sulfadiazine -Sulfamethoxasole -Sulfaquinoxaline -Sulfachlorpyrazine -Sulfasalazine -sulfadimethoxine -Sulfamethoxypyrazine 2,4 Diaminopyrimidine (DAP) -Trimethoprim -Diaveridine -Pirimethamin -Ormethoprim Aditoprim Baquiloprim
43
Topic 51: Fluoroquinolones
1st Gen -Nalidixic Acid 2nd Gen -Flumequine -Nofloxacin -Ciprofloxacin -Enrofloxacin -Danofloxacin -Difloxacin -Marbofloxacin 3rd Gen -Levofloxacin -Sparfloxacin 4th Gen -Pradofloxacin -Moxifloxacin
44
Topic 66: Anticoccidial agents (coccidiostats)
Inophores -Monensin -Lasalocid -Salinomycin -Narasin -Maduramicin -Semduramicin Sulphonamides -Sulphaquinoxaline -sulphachlorpyrazine Triazine derivatives -Toltrazuril -Diclazuril -Clazuril -clopidol Amprolium Chemophylaxis -Decoquinate -Halofuginone -Nicarbazin -Robenidine -Aprinocid
45
Topic 67: Anti-protozoal agents (except coccidiostats)
toxoplasmosis * Clindamycin * Sulfadiazine+ pyrimethamin babesios * Phenamidine * Imidocarb * Amicarbalide * Tetracycline * Dopamine histomoniasis, trichomoniasis, hexamitiatis, giardiasis * Nifursol * Furasolidone * * Metronidazole * Ronidazole * Tinidazole * * * Nitarsone, Roxarsone * Fenbendazol, albendazole, Febentel leishmaniasis * Paromycin * Sodium Stibogluconate * Megluimine * Antimoniate * * Amphoteracin B * Miltefosine trypanosomiasis * Homidium Bromide, CHloride * * Isometamidium * * Quinapyramine Chloride, Sulphate * * Suramin * * Diaminzene
46
Topic 60: Anthelmintics – benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles, isoquinoline derivatives
Benzimidazoles -Thiabendazole -Cambendazole -mebendazole Oxibendazole -albendazole -fenbendazole -oxfendazole -ricobendazole -flubendazole -triclabendazole -luxabendazole -febantel -Netobimin -Thiophanate Imidazothizoles -Tetramisole -Levamisole Isoquinolines -Praziquatel -Epsiprantel
47
61. Anthelmintics – tetrahydropyrimidines, salicylanilides, substituted phenols, clorsulon, emodepside, melarsomine, monepantel
Tetrahydropyrimidines * PYRANTEL * MORANTEL - Pyrantel CItrate Salt -Tartrate Salt -Pyrantel Pamoate -Embonate -Oxantel Salicylandilides -Brotianide -Clioxanide -Closantel -Oxyclosanide -Rafoxanide Substituted Phenols -Bithionol -Disophenol -Hexachlorophene -Niclofolan -Menichlofolan -Nitroxinil Clorsulon Emodepside Melarsomein Monepantel
48
Topic 65: Endectocidal compounds – macrocyclic lactones
Avermectins * -Abamectin * -Doramectin * -Eprinomectin * -Ivermectin * -Selamectin Milbemycins * -Moxidecton * -Milbemycin Oxime
49
Topic 62: Ectoparasiticides – organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids
Organophosphates -Diazinon -Coumpaphos -Phoxim -Fenthion Carbamates -Propoxur Pyrethroids 1st gen. -Tetramethrin 2nd gen. -permethrin -deltamethrin -flumethrin
50
63. Ectoparasiticides – amitraz, fipronil, pyriprole, indoxacarb, neonicotinoids
Amitraz Fipronil Pyriprole Indoxzcarb Neonicotinoid Insecticides 1st. gen. -Imidacloprid * * always in comb with permethrin, flumethrin or moxidectin -Nitenpyram (tablet) 3rd gen -dinotefuran * * always in comb with permethrin or pyriproxyfen VECTRA 3D spot on AUV
51
Topic 70: Antifungal agents
Terbinafin Naftifine Azoles * Ketocanzole * Enilconazole * Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Bifonazole * Triazoles * Itraconazoles * Posaconazoles * Vorizonazoles * Fluconazole Griseofulvin Natamycin Nystatin Amphotericin B Lufenurin FLucytosine Echinocandins
52
Topic 72: Antiviral agents
Acyclovir Valganciclovir Ganciclovir Ciclovir Famciclovir Pencoclovir Idoxuridin Trifluridin Vidarabin Zidovudin (retrovirus, HIv FIV, FeLV Oseltamivir
53
Topic 71: Antineoplastic agents
Antimetabolites * -Azathioprine * mycophenolate mofetil * -methorextate * -5-FU (Fluorouracil) * -Cytarabin Alkylating Agents * -Cyclophosphamide * -Chlorambucil * -Lomustine CYCLOSPORIN (=prednisolone) Platinum Comp. * -Cisplatin * -Carboplatin Topoisomerase inhib. -Doxorubicin -G2 2Mitoxantrone Etoposide Microtubule -Vinblastine -Vincristine -Placitaxel Tacrolimus=Pimecrolimus
Pharmacology Final
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