[2nd] PHARMACEUTICS LAB: PHARMA 211 > Activity 1 (part 2) > Flashcards

Activity 1 (part 2) Flashcards

(21 cards)

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1
Q

Both physical and chemical stability of solutions in their containers is very important.

A solution must retain its clarity, colour, odour, taste and viscosity over its shelf life.

A

STABILITY OF SOLUTIONS

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2
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS

I. According to Route of Administration
A. Internal solutions
1. _____ Solutions
2. _____ Solutions

B. External solutions
1. Otic
2. Ophthalmic
3. Topical
4. Nasal
5. Vaginal
6. Rectal
7. Oral
8. Dermal

A

I. According to Route of Administration
A. Internal solutions
1. Oral Solutions
2. Parenteral Solutions

B. External solutions
1. Otic
2. Ophthalmic
3. Topical
4. Nasal
5. Vaginal
6. Rectal
7. Oral
8. Dermal

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3
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS

II. Other solutions can be classified according to their composition or use:
1. _______
2. _______
3. _______
4. _______
5. _______
6. _______

A

II. Other solutions can be classified according to their composition or use:
1. Syrups
2. Elixirs
3. Spirits
4. Aromatic Waters
5. Tinctures or Fluid Extracts
6. Injections

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4
Q

Classification of Solutions According to Vehicle

A. ____________
B. ____________

A

A. Aqueous solutions
B. Non-aqueous solutions

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5
Q
  • homogeneous mixtures that are prepared by dissolving a solid, liquid or gas in an aqueous medium (vehicle).
  • _____ is used both as vehicle and as a solvent for the desired flavoring or medicinal ingredients
A

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

  • water
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6
Q

Types of water

A
  1. Water USP
  2. Purified Water, USP
  3. Water for Injection, USP
  4. Tap Water
  5. Freshly Boiled and Cooled Water
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7
Q
  • __________ (_____), is a clear colorless liquid, practically odorless and tasteless
  • In pharmacy it is used as solvent as in the extraction of vegetable drugs and in the manufacture of few preparations used externally as precipitating agent or for the purification of certain water insoluble products.
A
  1. Water USP
  • hydrogen monoxide (H2O)
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8
Q
  • water purified by distillation or ion-exchange treatment.
  • It is a colorless, clear liquid, without odor or taste.
  • used in compounding sterile preparations applied externally specially for those intended for open wounds, in general for collyria and ermatological preparations.
  • Purified water is also used for official test and assay and in general for compounding the majority of pharmaceutical preparations.
A
  1. Purified Water, USP
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9
Q
  • a clear, colorless, odorless liquid purified by distillation and contains no added substance.
  • Water for injection is used as a solvent for the preparation of parenteral solutions.
  • Water for injection should be rendered sterile and thereafter protected from bacterial contamination and are not sterilized by appropriate filtration in the final container.
A
  1. Water for Injection, USP
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10
Q

It is not permitted to use this for the dispensing of pharmaceutical dosage forms due to its possible bacterial contamination and the presence of dissolved salts that destroy the active ingredients or enhance their decomposition.

A
  1. Tap Water
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11
Q
  • Boiling is seldom used to destroy vegetative bacteria. But, on storage for long time spores may yield vegetative microorganism.
A
  1. Freshly Boiled and Cooled Water
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12
Q

AQUEOUS PHARMACEUTICAL SOLUTIONS

A
  1. Douches
  2. Enemas
  3. Gargles
  4. Mouthwashes
  5. Nasal Solutions
  6. Sprays
  7. Otic Solutions
  8. Irrigation Solutions
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13
Q
  • an aqueous solution, which is directed against a part or into a cavity of the body
  • functions as a cleansing or antiseptic agent
A
  1. Douches
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14
Q

These preparations are rectal injections employed to:

i. evacuate the bowel
ii. influence the general system by absorption e.g. nutritive, sedative or stimulating properties
iii. affect locally the site of disease (e.g. anthelmintic property)

iv. they may contain radiopaque substances for roentgenographic examination of the lower bowel

A
  1. Enemas
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15
Q
  • aqueous solutions frequently containing antiseptics, antibiotics and/or anesthetics used
    for treating the pharynx (throat) and nasopharynx by forcing air from the lungs through the gargle, which is held
    in the throat
  • subsequently, it is expectorated.
A
  1. Gargles
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16
Q
  • can be used for therapeutic & cosmetic purposes

__________: can be formulated to reduce plaque, gingivitis, dental caries and stomatitis

__________: may be formulated to reduce bad breath through the use of antimicrobial and/or flavoring agents.

  • used as a dosage form for a number of specific problems in the oraI cavity.
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A
  1. Mouthwashes
  • therapeutic mouthwashes
  • Cosmetic mouthwashes
17
Q

usually aqueous solutions designed to be administered to the nasal passages in drops or sprays

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A
  1. Nasal Solutions
18
Q
  • solutions of drugs in aqueous vehicles and are applied to the mucous membrane of the nose and throat by means of an atomizer nebulizer
  • should produce relatively coarse droplets if the action of the drug is to be restricted to the upper respiratory tract
19
Q
  • main classes of drugs used for topical administration to the ear include
    1. local anesthetics: __________
    2. antibiotics: __________
    3. anti-inflammatory agents: __________
  • include the main types of solvents used, namely ________ or ________
  • The viscous ________ vehicle permits the drug to remain in the ear for a long time.
  • ____________, being ________, tends to remove moisture from surrounding tissues, thus reducing swelling.
  • Viscous liquids like ________ or ________ either are used alone or in combination with a ________ to aid in the removal of cerumen (ear wax).
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A

Otic Solutions

  1. local anesthetics: benzocaine
  2. antibiotics: neomycin
  3. anti-inflammatory agents: cortisone
  • glycerin or water
  • viscous glycerin vehicle
  • Anhydrous glycerin, being hygroscopic, tends to remove moisture from surrounding tissues, thus reducing swelling.
  • Viscous liquids like glycerin or propylene glycol either are used alone or in combination with a surfactant to aid in the removal of cerumen (ear wax).
20
Q
  • Sterile, non-pyrogenic solutions used to wash or bathe surgical incisions, wounds or body tissues.
  • may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in __________
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A
  1. Irrigation Solutions
  • Water for Injection
21
Q

Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate Solution USP

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A

ANTICOAGULANT

internal preparation

[2nd] PHARMACEUTICS LAB: PHARMA 211
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