Activity 3a: Extraction

Question 1

extraction

Answer 1

technique used to separate a mixture into individual components by using differences in polarity and solubility

Question 2

polarity

Answer 2

distribution of partial charges throughout a molecule or a distribution of electron density

Question 3

solubility

Answer 3

extent to which a solute will dissolve in a solvent
like dissolves like

Question 4

miscibility

Answer 4

• refers to the interaction between two liquids
• miscible: if two liquids are similar in polarity, they appear as one phase
• immiscible: if two liquids have a difference in polarity, they are referred to as immiscible

Question 5

density

Answer 5

• more dense layer on bottom, less dense layer on top
• halogenated organics>water>non-halogenated organics

Question 6

solid-liquid extraction

Answer 6

• used to separate a mixture of solids by adding a solvent that will dissolve the desired solids and leave behind the insoluble solids
• ex. water is used to separate

Question 7

liquid-liquid extraction

Answer 7

• a technique used to separate two solutes by using two immiscible solvents with opposing polarity
• forms two opposing layers with nonpolar and polar solvent

Question 8

chemically active extractions

Answer 8

• type of liquid-liquid extraction for when the solutes are similar in polarity
• aqueous acids and bases are added to alter the polarity of the solute to allow for separation
• bases separate acid-reacting solutes while acids separate base-reacting solutes`

Question 9

Kd - the distribution coefficent

Answer 9

• solutes tend to be in equilibrium between the two solvents
• the degree of solubility is described by Kd = [X]org/[X]aq
• Kd>1 = solute prefers the organic layer, so X is nonpolar
• Kd<1 = solute prefers the aqueous layer, X is polar
• Kd = 1, solute is equally distributed

Question 10

Why are multiple smaller extractions better than a large one?