Activity

Question 1

What are the roles of the skeletal system in movement?

Answer 1

• Supports the soft tissues of the body
• Protects crucial components of the body
• Furnishes surfaces for the attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments
• Provides storage areas for minerals and fat
• Produces blood cells

Question 2

What are the 4 shape classifications for bones?

Answer 2

Long: upper/lower extremities
Short: first and ankle
Flat bones: ribs and skull bones
Irregular bones: spinal column and jaw

Question 3

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 3

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth or viscera

Question 4

What are the 4 functions of muscles?

Answer 4

Motion
Maintenance of posture
Support
Heat production

Question 5

What effects does the nervous system have on muscle contraction?

Answer 5

• neurons conduct impulses from one part of the body to another
• ANS (afferent) conveys info to CNS
• Info is processed by the CNS leading to a response
• the efferent neurons convert the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by the somatic nervous system.

Question 6

What factors of ones life influences mobility? (7)

Answer 6

• developmental considerations
• physical health
• mental health
• lifestyle
• attitude and values
• fatigue and stress
• external factors

Question 7

What are the 3 types of exercises?

Answer 7

Isotonic: muscle shortening and active movement. ex: Any ADL’s, swimming, walking, bicycling
Isometric: muscle contraction without shortening. ex: Yoga, planks
Isokinetic: muscle contraction with resistance. ex: Using weights

Question 8

What are the benefits of exercise on the Cardiovascular system? (5)

Answer 8

• Increased efficiency of the heart
• Decreased heart rate and blood pressure
• Increased blood flow to all body parts
• Improved venous return
• Increased circulating fibrinolysin (substance that breaks up small clots which we need!)

Question 9

What are benefits from exercise on the Respiratory System? (3)

Answer 9

• Improved alveolar ventilation
• Decreased work of breathing
• Improved diaphragmatic excursion (expansion of the lungs)

Question 10

What are the benefits of exercise on the Musculoskeletal System?

Answer 10

• Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility
• Increased coordination
• Reduced bone loss
• Increased efficiency of nerve impulse transmission

Question 11

Pathways of afferent and efferent nerve fibers:

Answer 11

Afferent: from the sensory stimuli (skin) to the brain and CNS
Efferent: from CNS to muscle for movement

Question 12

What do we look for in a physical assessment for mobility?

Answer 12

• general use of movement and gait
• alignment
• joint structure and function
• muscle mass, tone, and strength
• endurance

Question 13

What are the 3 proper body mechanics?

Answer 13

• Use of proper body movement in daily activities
• prevention and correction of problems associated with posture
• The enhancement of coordination and endurance

Question 14

What equipment can we use to position a patient?

Answer 14

Pillows 
Mattresses 
Adjustable beds 
Bed side rails 
Trapeze bar (comes from the ceiling)

Question 15

What are the 5 protective positions?

Answer 15

• fowler’s: sitting at 90 degrees and knees can be elevated
• supine: flat on back
• lateral/side-laying
• sims’: position for an anal catheter
• prone: face down