Acute pyelonephritis

Question 1

Acute pyelonephritis: cause

Answer 1

• Bacterial infection ascending from lower UT or originate from the upper UT
  causative agents: E.coli, proteus, enterobacter, klebsiella
• Bacteria reaching the kidney:
  .hematogenously -> in septicemia
  .via embolisms -> from infective endocarditis (staph, E.coli)

Question 2

Acute pyelonephritis: RF

Answer 2

• obstruction in urinary bladder causing urine stasis: Stones, tumor, BPH
• Vesicoureteral reflux: urine flowing back to the ureters
• catheters (usually contaminated)
• Females: more prone due to short urethra, and sexual activity

Question 3

Acute pyelonephritis: symptoms

Answer 3

• sudden onset
• pain at the costovertebral angle (below 12th rib)
• dysuria
• hematuria
• systemic signs: fever, nausea, chills, lack of appetite etc..

Question 4

Acute pyelonephritis: D

Answer 4

Urinalysis

• pyuria
• bacteria

Question 5

Acute pyelonephritis: T

Answer 5

• self-limiting

- ABs