ADA95

Question 1

Name the team, led by Jean Ichbiah in France, that was selected by the DoD to design the programming language that ultimately became Ada.

Answer 1

Green team

Question 2

Augusta Ada Byron, for whom the language is named, is recognized for her work on an algorithm intended for what early machine?

Answer 2

Analytical Engine

Question 3

The Department of Defense formed the High Order Language Working Group (HOLWG) in 1975 to address a massive industry problem regarding maintenance and cross-language interoperability. What was this period of time known as in the software industry?

Answer 3

Software crisis

Question 4

What is the name of the final requirements document that preceded the design of Ada, following the Strawman, Woodenman, Tinman, and Ironman documents?

Answer 4

Steelman

Question 5

Ada 95 was the world’s first internationally standardized object-oriented programming language.
True or False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What specific built-in data type provides unsigned integer arithmetic with wrap-around behavior at the modulus value?

Answer 6

Modular Types

Question 7

What keyword is used to declare a binding to a value that cannot change after it has been elaborated?

Answer 7

constant

Question 8

In ADA95, Which user-defined type allows a programmer to create an ordered list of distinct, named values?

Answer 8

Enumerated types

Question 9

Ada 95 supports implicit variable creation, meaning variables do not always need explicit declarations.
True or False

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What specific type in Ada 95 functions similarly to pointers in C, providing references to dynamically allocated objects while offering null checking?

Answer 10

Access types

Question 11

What reserved word is used in a package specification to hide the implementation details of an abstract data type?

Answer 11

private

Question 12

In ADA95, This heterogeneous data structure groups related data of different types under a single name, functioning similarly to structs in C.

Answer 12

Records

Question 13

Identifiers in Ada 95 are case-sensitive. True or False

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What character is used to separate identifiers from their type or subtype in a variable declaration?

Answer 14

Colon (:)

Question 15

In Ada 95, this sequence of two adjacent hyphens (–) is used to indicate the start of what?

Answer 15

A comment

Question 16

How many reserved words (keywords) does standard Ada 95 have?

Answer 16

69

Question 17

Which operator symbol is used for exponentiation in Ada 95?

Answer 17

**

Question 18

Ada 95 uses a fixed text format where specific parts of the code must be placed in designated columns or zones.
True or False

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What punctuation symbol acts as a selector to access components of packages or records?

Answer 19

Full Stop (.)

Question 20

Which symbol is known as the “box” and is used to specify an indefinite range in unconstrained arrays?

Answer 20

<> (Box)

Question 21

The inequality operator in Ada 95 is represented by the != symbol.
True or False

Answer 21

False

Question 22

In ADA95, What operator is used for logical negation in a boolean expression and holds the highest precedence?

Answer 22

not

Question 23

Which simple statement is used when a statement is syntactically required by the compiler but no action is desired?

Answer 23

Null Statement

Question 24

A case statement in Ada 95 requires that every possible value of the discrete expression be covered exactly once.
True or False

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What reserved word is used to catch unexpected values at the end of a case statement's list of alternatives?

Answer 25

others

Question 26

Ada 95 has a built-in post-test loop structure explicitly named do ... while. True or False

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What type of iteration scheme evaluates its condition before each iteration, executing the loop body zero or more times?

Answer 27

Pre-test (while) loop

Question 28

In a for loop, what reserved word is used to make the loop parameter take on values in decreasing order?

Answer 28

reverse

Question 29

What statement is used to immediately terminate the execution of a loop prematurely?

Answer 29

exit statement

Question 30

To explicitly transfer control to a target statement with a given label, which statement is used?

Answer 30

goto statement

Question 31

What are the two short-circuit logical operators available in Ada 95 used to prevent the evaluation of the second operand if it is unnecessary?

Answer 31

and then and or else

Question 32

Which form of subprogram computes and returns exactly one value?

Answer 32

Function

Question 33

The default parameter mode for a subprogram in Ada 95 is the in mode. True or False

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Which parameter mode allows a subprogram to both read and modify the caller's variable?

Answer 34

in out mode

Question 35

What type of subprogram calls itself, either directly or indirectly, to solve a problem?

Answer 35

Recursion / Recursive subprogram

Question 36

What predefined root package is implicitly available to all Ada programs and defines basic scalar types like Integer and Boolean?

Answer 36

Standard

Question 37

What are Ada's built-in concurrent units of execution called?

Answer 37

Tasks

Question 38

Synchronization between tasks is achieved via rendezvous using accept statements and what type of calls?

Answer 38

Entry calls

Question 39

An abort statement can synchronously and safely pause a running task until it is resumed. True or False

Answer 39

False

Question 40

To handle error conditions structurally, what mechanism is localized using a when clause (e.g., when Constraint_Error =>)? declare X, Y : Integer := 0; begin X := 10 / Y; -- may raise Constraint_Error exception when Constraint_Error => Put_Line ("Division by zero detected"); end;

Answer 40

Exception Handling / Exception handlers

Question 41

Which exception is raised at compile-time or runtime if a value violates its target's subtype bounds (e.g., assigning 32 to a variable restricted to 1..31)?

Answer 41

Constraint_Error

Question 42

In Ada 95, functions can be invoked as standalone statements even if their return value is ignored. True or False

Answer 42

False

Question 43

In Ada 95, you can implicitly mix logically different derived types (like adding a Meters type to a Seconds type) without raising a compile error. True or False

Answer 43

False

Question 44

Create a statement in Ada 95 that declares a constant named Max_Size of type Integer with a value of 500 assigned to it.

Answer 44

Max_Size : constant Integer := 5

Question 45

Create a statement in Ada 95 that declares an unconstrained array type named Float_Array holding Float elements, indexed by Integer.

Answer 45

type Float_Array is array (Integer range <>) of Float;

Question 46

Create a simple if statement in Ada 95 that checks if a variable Age is greater than or equal to 18. If true, assign the Boolean variable Is_Adult to True.

Answer 46

if Age >= 18 then Is_Adult := True; end if;

Question 47

Create a statement in Ada 95 that uses a for loop to iterate a variable I from 1 to 10.

Answer 47

for I in 1 .. 10 loop

Question 48

What is the output of the following program snippet? Count : Integer := 3; while Count > 0 loop Put_Line(Integer'Image(Count)); Count := Count - 1; end loop;

Answer 48

3 2 1

Question 49

What is the output of the following program snippet? for I in 1 .. 5 loop if I = 3 then exit; end if; Put(Integer'Image(I)); end loop;

Answer 49

1 2

Question 50

What is the output of the following program snippet? Score : Integer := 85; case Score is when 90 .. 100 => Put_Line("Excellent"); when 80 .. 89 => Put_Line("Good"); when others => Put_Line("Needs Improvement"); end case;

Answer 50

Good

Question 51

- Which operator is used to map a value to a specific parameter or choice.

Answer 51

=> arrow

Question 52

- Who led the main consortium team to revise Ada to become Ada 95?

Answer 52

Tucker Taft

Question 53

- Identify the pair of keywords used to perform short-shircuit logical evaluations.

Answer 53

and then and or else

Question 54

- Which common graph representation is memory-efficient, allows for fast iteration, and makes adding edges easy by treating the graph like a collection of linked lists?

Answer 54

Adjacency List

Question 55

- The Ada feature that allows defining operations that work on different concrete types using inheritance and dispatching.

Answer 55

Polymorphism

Question 56

- Ada 83 already featured full support for inheritance and polymorphism before the Ada 9X project began. True or False

Answer 56

False. Ada 83 lacked full support for these OOP features, which is the primary reason of Ada 95 being developed

Question 57

- An unconstrained array (defined with the box notation <>) requires the index bounds to be specified at the time the variable is declared. True or False

Answer 57

True

Question 58

- It is allowed in Ada 95 to name a variable starting with underscores as long as a letter would follow True or False

Answer 58

False. Underscores cannot be the first or last character of the identifier, and cannot have two underscores in a row

Question 59

- A loop statement must have a loop statement identifier in order to perform iteration. True or False

Answer 59

False

Question 60

- Ada 95 includes object-oriented features such as tagged types and dispatching operations. True or False

Answer 60

True

Question 61

- Determine the output of variable G in this Ada 95 program. with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure AliasD is G : Integer := 10; procedure Modify (P : in out Integer) is begin G := 50; P := P + 1; end Modify; begin Modify(G); -- We pass the Global variable as the parameter Put_Line(Integer'Image(G)); end AliasD ;

Answer 61

11 because of the strict Ada 95 rule of by copy

Question 62

- What is the output of this PrintChar Ada 95 program? with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure PrintChar is -- A procedure that accepts a String of any length procedure Print_Head (S : String) is begin Put(S(1)); end Print_Head; Message : String(10 .. 12) := "Ada"; begin Print_Head(Message); end PrintChar;

Answer 62

Constraint_Error because the first character starts at 10 and 1 is out of bounds.

Question 63

- Given the array declaration type Int_Array is array (1 .. 10) of Integer; how do you access the sixth element?

Answer 63

Int_Array(6)

Question 64

- Determine the output of this simple call and return Ada 95 program when Main is executed. procedure Print_Message is begin Put_Line("Is this the end?"); end Print_Message; procedure Main is begin Print_Message; Put_Line("This is the start."); end Main;

Answer 64

Is this the end? This is the start.

Question 65

- Determine the before and after values of the variable SwapVal and array named Names. with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Simple_Swap is -- Define fixed-length string type subtype Name_String is String(1..10); -- Define array type type Name_Array is array (1..4) of Name_String; -- Initialize variables SwapVal : Name_String := "Rodrigo "; Names : Name_Array := ("Judyville ", "Wennette ", "Marie ", "Eysie "); Temp : Name_String; begin Temp := SwapVal; SwapVal := Names(1); Names(1) := Temp; Put_Line("After swap:"); Put_Line("SwapVal = " & SwapVal); for I in Names'Range loop Put_Line("Names(" & Integer'Image(I) & ") = " & Names(I)); end loop; end Simple_Swap;

Answer 65

After swap: SwapVal = Judyville Names( 1) = Rodrigo Names( 2) = Wennette Names( 3) = Marie Names( 4) = Eysie

Question 66

What is the Assignment statement syntax of Ada95

Answer 66

assignment_statement ::= variable_name := expression;

Question 67

Constraint values to a specific numeric range, subset of a parent type. They provide automatic bounds checking, making programs safer by catching out-of-range errors at compile-time or runtime.

Answer 67

Subrange types

Question 68

Define an ordered list of distinct, named values. The compiler assigns ordinal positions starting from 0. They're ideal for representing states, categories, or any fixed set of options, providing type safety and readability.

Answer 68

Enumerated types

Question 69

Create new types based on existing types, inheriting the parent's operations but remaining type-incompatible. This enforces strong typing to prevent mixing logically different values (like adding meters to seconds).

Answer 69

Derived types

Question 70

Hide implementation details in package specifications while exposing only the interface. This enables encapsulation and data abstraction, allowing implementation changes without affecting client code.

Answer 70

Private types

Question 71

Access types are Ada's pointers, providing references to dynamically allocated objects. They're safer than C pointers with null checking and strong typing, enabling dynamic data structures like linked lists and trees.

Answer 71

Access types

Question 72

exit statement with a condition (no loop name)

Answer 72

Count : Integer := 1; loop exit when Count = 3; Count := Count + 1; end loop;

Question 73

if statements if Month = December and Day = 31 then Month := January; Day := 1; Year := Year + 1; end if;

Answer 73

January 1, 2026

Question 74

case statement

Answer 74

case Day_Of_Week is when Monday | Wednesday | Friday => Put_Line("Workout day"); when Tuesday | Thursday => Put_Line("Yoga day"); when Saturday | Sunday => Put_Line("Rest day"); when others => Put_Line("Invalid day"); end case;

Question 75

type Day_Number is range 1 .. 31; type Temperature is range -50 .. 50; type Percentage is range 0 .. 100; type Age is range 0 .. 120; declare Today : Day_Number := 15; Temp : Temperature := 22; begin Today := Today + 1; end;

Answer 75

Today := 32

Question 76

Loop Statement without Loop Identifier

Answer 76

loop Put_Line("Hello"); exit; end loop;

Question 77

Loop with a Label

Answer 77

Main_Loop: for I in 1 .. 10 loop if I = 5 then exit Main_Loop; end if; end loop Main_Loop;

Question 78

while

Answer 78

Count : Integer := 1; while Count <= 3 loop Count := Count + 1 end loop;

Question 79

for

Answer 79

Main_Loop: for I in 1 .. 10 loop if I = 5 then exit Main_Loop; end if; end loop Main_Loop;