Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

when does a lymphocyte complete maturation?

Answer 1

when ti becomes exposed to an antigen

Question 2

what is humoral immunity?

Answer 2

B cell and antibody mediated

only functions on organisms OUTSIDE the cell

Question 3

what is cellular immunity?

Answer 3

T cells that directly kill infected cells

Question 4

what is clonal selection?

Answer 4

when a lymphocyte divides and differentiates in response to a specific antigen

Question 5

where does clonal selection occur?

Answer 5

in secondary lymphatic tissue

Question 6

what two characteristics do antigens have?

Answer 6

1. immunogenicity
2. reactivity

Question 7

what are the strongest antigens?

Answer 7

proteins

Question 8

what is a hapten?

Answer 8

is an incomplete antigen

has reactivity, but not immunogenicity

Question 9

what is an epitope?

Answer 9

specific portion of the molecule that evokes an immune response

Question 10

which cells do not have MHC 1?

Answer 10

RBC

Question 11

which T cells deal with exogenous antigens?

Answer 11

helper T (CD4)

Question 12

which T cells deal with endogenous antigens?

Answer 12

cytotoxic (CD8)

Question 13

how is a T cell receptor different than an antibody?

Answer 13

has only 2 polypeptide chains instead of 4

Question 14

what is anergy?

Answer 14

TCR bound to an MHC presenting complex with no costimulation

Question 15

list the steps of T cell activation and cloning?

Answer 15

1. APC binds with TCR
2. CD 4 protein and cytokines costimulate to activate T cell
3. T cells are cloned into active cells and memory cells (mediated by interleukin 2)

Question 16

what are TH2 cells?

Answer 16

regulatory cells that stimulate proliferation of the other T cells and B cells

Question 17

which interleukin costimulates CD4 cells?

Answer 17

1

Question 18

which interleukin costimulates CD8 cells?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

in the humoral immune system, what is circulating?

Answer 19

antibodies

Question 20

list the process of B cell activation

Answer 20

1. B cell takes in antigens and presents with a MHC II complex
2. T helper cells recognizes antigen and give costimulation to proliferate B cells
3. T cell secretes interleukin 2 that functions and co stimulator

4 B cells get cloned

Question 21

how many antigen binding sites do most antibodies have?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

what 4 functions do antibodies serve?

Answer 22

1. neutralization
2. agglutination
3. precipitation
4. complement (opsonization)

Question 23

which complement proteins are responsible for opsonization?

Answer 23

C3b

Question 24

which complement proteins are responsible for MAC?

Answer 24

C5-C9

Question 25

which complement proteins are responsible for inflammation?

Answer 25

C3a, C5a

Question 26

what is the classic complement pathway?

Answer 26

antibody binding with antigen (activates C1

Question 27

what is the alternative pathway?

Answer 27

interaction with factors B, D and P whic activates C3

Question 28

what is the lectin complement pathway?

Answer 28

lectins binding with carbohydrates on the microbe which activates c3