adaptive landscape plot
visualization of the relationship between fitness and traits/genes
vertical axis shows
fitness
horizontal axes
traits/genes
adaptive peaks
high points that represent high fitness
adaptive valleys
low points that represent low fitness
local optima
where a certain trait is better than its immediate surrounding, but not the best overall outcome
global optima
refers to the highest peaks, representing the best traits overall
why adaptive evolution might get stuck on one peak
limited genetic variation, selection pressures, mutation rates, and the landscape itself