Additional Thinkers

Question 1

FRIEDRICH HAYEK:

What is his most reveant idea?

Answer 1

maintains that dependency on the state would produce a ‘new serfdom’ (a condition of servitude, traditional to a lord)

Question 2

DISRAELI:

What was his view on the state?

Answer 2

1. paternalism should now embrace social reform or ‘welfarism’
   e. g. strengthens national unity
   e. g. preserves ‘one nation’
   e. g. forges alliance between ruling and working classes to offset negative effects of laissez-faire capitalism

Question 3

DISRAELI:

What was his view on society?

Answer 3

1. the wealthiest social groups had a moral duty to help the poor
2. organic society depended on ‘top down’ authority
3. governing elite should accept that less fortunate people had less social responsibility than wealthiest

Question 4

DISRAELI:

What was his view on economy?

Answer 4

1. felt that capitalism encouraged a self-interested individualism that undermined idea of social responsibility
   e. g. this threatened to split British into 2 nations (rich and poor)

Question 5

G.K. CHESTERTON:

What was his view on society?

Answer 5

1. tradition had a big place in modern and transforming society.
   e. g. “democracy of the dead”

Question 6

ADAM SMITH:

What was his view on economy?

Answer 6

argued for economic liberalism (free trade)

Question 7

MILTON FRIEDMAN AND FRIEDMAN HAYEK:

What were their views on economy?

Answer 7

1. neo-liberalism champions the free market economy
   e. g. he asserted that Keynesian policies create inflation and provide too much credit.
   e. g. his solution was ‘monetarism’ which government reduces inflation by controlling the money supply through cuts in public spending.

Question 8

HAROLD MACMILLAN:

What was his view on economy?

Answer 8

1. called for “private enterprise without selfishness”

e. g. a mixed system that combined state ownership and regulation with drive and initiative of private enterprise