- a process where the internal demands of motivations are brought into harmonious relation with the external
demands of reality
Adjustment
People use protective barriers and defense mechanisms against factors that threaten ego security because insecurity is psychologically intolerable
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
________- involves the inventing of excuses or reasons for behavior that is inadequate, unacceptable, or damaging to personal integrity and status; it operates unconsciously and protects self-esteem without guilty feelings.
Rationalization
__________- a form of rationalization; a process of shifting the responsibility for an act or thought from oneself to an
outside object or to another person.
Projection
_________- a type of projection, which is the process of shifting a response or reaction from its original object to
another which is less dangerous.
Displacement
_________- is an unconscious process wherein shameful thoughts, guilt-producing memories, painful experiences, or
distasteful tasks are removed from awareness or forced below the level of consciousness.
Repression
___________ - is the deliberate, conscious control of unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or impulses; the same
purpose as repression but it involves conscious intent.
Suppression
__________- is the unconscious pretension to superior qualities and traits that serve to obscure the existence of a
basic inferiority.
Egocentrism
__________- is a device which makes it possible to discharge tensions by diverting one’s energies from a desired goal
to substitute one; this sometimes called transferred compensation.
Substitution
_________- the mechanism where the individual devotes time and effort to a pursuit with increased vigor
in an attempt to make up for real or imagined inadequacy.
Compensation
a) ______ Compensation - refers to the generation of an intense desire to succeed in an area in which one has experienced failure or inferiority.
b) ________ Compensation - is the effort to find success in one field when there has been failure in another.
Direct
Indirect
______________- is the concentration of efforts on a narrow field at the expense of a well-rounded and
complete adjustment to a variety of life’s demands.
Overcompensation
__________- is the unconscious redirection of the primitive energies natural impulses to socially and morally
acceptable channels of activity.
Sublimation
___________ - urges that are not acceptable to the consciousness are repressed, and opposite attitudes or
modes of behavior are expressed with considerable force.
Reaction Formation
__________ - is a way of adjusting to a threatening situation by escaping from it; it enables the person to
get away from the scene of the conflict.
Avoidance Mechanism
The mechanisms commonly used to avoid or escape strife and threats are:
1. F__t_sy - a mental mechanism where a person substitutes real satisfactions for imaginary satisfactions.
2. Re_____ion - a process of relieving anxiety or threat by falling back on thoughts, feelings, or behavior, which worked
successfully during the earlier period of life.
3. Motor H__te_ia - is the development of real physical symptoms which enable a person to withdraw from a difficult
situation; mental conflict is converted into physical symptom.
4. Neg__iv__m - is the refusal to participate in a tense situation; this is a type of avoidance-mechanism manifested through
either an active or passive resistance towards the external demands on the individual.
5. I__nti___ation - is the mechanism where the individual enhances self-esteem by patterning him/herself after another
person; this is the process of attaining success through the accomplishments of an external agents.
6. Fix___on - is a premature termination of some aspect of personality development or a delay in maturation.
Fantasy
Regression
Motor Hysteria
Negativism
Identification
Fixation
ADJUSTMENT OF EXCEPTIONAL CASES
_e__al R_ta__ati_n - is caused by varying circumstances, most frequently due to hereditary factors and glandular
deficiencies.
Mental Retardation
__f_ed Individuals - display unusual ability in a particular area, such as in music, art and other creative abilities.
Gifted Individuals
P__sica___ Hand_c__ped - maladjustment may occur because of physical handicap
Physically Handicapped
FACTORS THAT CAUSE MENTAL SUPERIORITY
T/F
Heredity and environment are the major factors that cause mental superiority in a child. Many mentally superior
children come from homes with professional parents.
T
Superior children need to adjust to overcome difficulties in dealing with other average persons. Dena Hollingsworth
lists problems superior children are likely to face:
1. Problem at ___rk
2. Adjustment toward cl__sma_es
3. Problem of play and in___e_t
4. Problem of con___mit_
5. Problem of origin and d_s___y
work
Adjustment
interest
conformity
destiny
