adverse effects

Question 1

4 adverse effects of beta2 agonists

Answer 1

1. decreased BP
2. stimulation of heart: increased HR
3. hyperglycemia
4. hypokalemia: QT prolongation

Question 2

adverse effects of theophylline/aminiophylline

Answer 2

same as beta agonists:

1. increased BP
2. heart stimulation
3. hyperglycemia
4. hypokalemia: QT prolongation

Question 3

muscarinic antagonists

Answer 3

• pupillary dilation and cycloplegia on contact with eye
• urinary retention
• dry mouth

Question 4

glucocorticoids

Answer 4

• oral candidiasis/immunosuppression
• decreased growth rate/bone density
• increased BP/weight
• glucose intolerance
• Cushingoid syndrome

Question 5

what are the distinct adverse effects of leukotriene antagonists

Answer 5

monteleukast: URT inflammation/infection

zafilukast/zileuton: increased hepatic enzymes

Question 6

hallucinations due to increased serotonin. what other drug increases serotonin?

Answer 6

dextromethorphan

-diphenhydramine

Question 7

what are the adverse effects of diphenhydramine

Answer 7

anticholinergic adverse effects

Question 8

what drug always causes constipation? what are 2 other adverse effects

Answer 8

codeine

• sedation
• histamine release: hypotension

Question 9

which drug causes uric acid nephrolithiasis?

Answer 9

guaifenesin

Question 10

which mucolytic can cause bronchospasm?

Answer 10

acteyl cysteine

Question 11

what are 3 adverse effects of dornase alfa?

Answer 11

• voice alteration
• pharyngitis/laryngitis
• conjunctivitis

Question 12

what 2 major types of adverse effects do 1st gen antihistamines cause?

Answer 12

1. anticholinergic effects

2. drowsiness/impaired alertness or cognition

Question 13

what two TB drugs cause peripheral neuropathy? how do you treat that? what other adverse effects do they cause?

Answer 13

isoniazid and ethionamide

• give pyridoxine/B6 supplement
• also hepatotoxicity

Question 14

what TB drug turns body fluids red-orange? what other adverse effect is it responsible for?

Answer 14

rifampin

-hepatotoxicity

Question 15

what TB drug causes optic neuritis? how does that manifest? what other adverse effect does it cause?

Answer 15

ethambutol

• diminished visual acuity and loss of color differentiation
• also hyperuricemia

Question 16

what TB drug causes nephrotoxicity (ATN)? what other adverse effects does it cause?

Answer 16

capreomycin

• ototoxicity
• eosinophilia

Question 17

what TB drug causes reversible CNS effects?

Answer 17

cycloserine

Question 18

what adverse effects is pyrazinamide responsible for?

Answer 18

hepatotoxicity and hyperuricemia

Question 19

which two antibiotics cause cholestatic jaundice?

Answer 19

azithromycin and erythromycin

Question 20

what are the two main adverse effects of doxycycline?

Answer 20

photosensitivity and decreased bone growth

Question 21

what antibiotic causes tendon rupture and cartilage damage in young kids?

Answer 21

levofloxacin

Question 22

what are 3 adverse effects of gentamicin?

Answer 22

1. ototoxicity
2. neuromuscular paralysis
3. nephrotoxicity

Question 23

what 2 antibiotics cause QT prolongation

Answer 23

azithromycin and erythromycin

Question 24

what antibiotic causes decreased coagulation?

Answer 24

piperacillin

Question 25

what drug combination is used to prevent renal toxicity from the antibiotic in it?

Answer 25

imipenem/cilastin

Question 26

what antibiotic causes Red Man Syndrome? what other two adverse effects does it cause?

Answer 26

vancomycin - ototoxicity - nephrotoxicity

Question 27

what three antibiotics cause nephrotoxicity

Answer 27

impenem, gentamicin and vancomycin

Question 28

what is the big problem with zanamivir?

Answer 28

fatal bronchospasms in those with underlying lung disease

Question 29

which antiviral has black box warning for renal toxicity?

Answer 29

cidofovir

Question 30

which antiviral has black box warning for hemolytic anemia?

Answer 30

ribavirin

Question 31

what are the adverse effects of valacyclovir/acyclovir?

Answer 31

renal impairment: hydrate well

Question 32

what is the main adverse effect of amphotericin?

Answer 32

nephrotoxicity

Question 33

what is the main adverse effect of flucytosine?

Answer 33

hematotoxicity: anemia, blood dyscrasias

Question 34

what is the main adverse effect of rituximab?

Answer 34

HTN

Question 35

what are the 2 main adverse effects of azathioprine?

Answer 35

1. thrombocytopenia/leukopenia | 2. mutagenic/neoplastic

Question 36

hypotension and the need to monitor bleeding are adverse effects of what type of drugs?

Answer 36

prostanoids

Question 37

what are 2 toxicities of bosentan?

Answer 37

blood and liver

Question 38

what are 2 adverse effects of cisplatin?

Answer 38

- dose-limiting nephrotoxicity | - ototoxicity

Question 39

what is the main adverse effect of gemcitabine?

Answer 39

peripheral neuropathy

Question 40

what 2 cytotoxic drugs cause increased hepatic enzymes

Answer 40

carboplatin and pemetrexed

Question 41

what has cumulative dose limiting cardiotoxicity

Answer 41

doxorubicin

Question 42

what cytotoxic drug has dose limiting hematologic toxicity?

Answer 42

etoposide

Question 43

what are two adverse effects of cyclophosphamide?

Answer 43

hemorrhagic cystitis and pulmonary fibrosis