Cones in the eye are located:
In the center of the eye
How long should someone wait before flying after conducting a non decompression stop diving activity? and at what altitude?
12 hrs for flights up to 8,000’ MSL
What do cones help you see?
- Color
- Details
(They’re effective in the day)
Rods are located:
In the periphery of the eye
Rods help you see:
Movement
How long does it take the rods of the eye to adjust to darkness?
It takes about 30 min to adapt
An upsloping runway can create the illusion that the aircraft is ________ than it actually is, leading to a _______approach.
Higher ; Lower
A downsloping runway can create the illusion that the aircraft is _______ than it actually is, leading to a _________ approach.
Lower ; Higher
After 30 min in the darkness, rods become adjusted and they are ______ times more sensitive to light than your cones.
10,000
How should your viewing be used when looking for traffic and other hazards at night?
You should use off center viewing while looking for traffic and other hazards at night
What chemical is built up in your eyes in order to adapt to low light levels?
Rhodopsin
What systems does our body use to make sense of our place in space?
Somatsensory: System: Skin/Joints/Muscles
Visual System: Eyes
Vestibular System: Inner Ear
What is an example of a vestibular system illusion in regards with the fluid in the ear?
- When in a bank angle too long, the fluid inside your ear catches up with the rate of the turn.
- When that happens, the hairs the fluid deflects are no longer being deflected and no signal is sent to the brain
- The brain will think the turn has stopped, in reality you’ll still be in the turn
Hypoxic Hypoxia
A blocked airway/drowning or insufficient partial pressure of O2 in the air
Hypemic Hypoxia
Reduction in the O2 carrying capacity of the blood.
- Carbon monoxide can be absorbed by the blood cells instead of O2 and that can suffocate the body’s O2 supply
Stagnant Hypoxia
- Caused by high G forces, shock or cold temperatures
- Lack of O2 due to poor circulation
Histotoxic Hypoxia
- Inability of the cells to use O2
- Can be caused by alcohol consumption, drugs etc.
When is crew required to use O2 above 12,500MSL?
When longer than 30 min above this altitude
When should crew use O2 above 14,000MSL?
Crew must use O2 at all times
Hyperventilation
Excessive rate and depth of respiration leading to abnormal loss of Co2 from the blood
If flying above 8,000’ MSL, how long should you wait before flying if you had gone on a controlled scuba dive session?
24 hrs
If flying under 8,000’ MSL and you just finished a non-controlled dive, how long should you wait before flying?
12 hours for noncontrolled
24 hours for controlled diving
For divers who perform decompression stops, how long should they wait before taking a flight?
- 24 hrs
Someone who performed non decompression stop diving, and wants to take a flight how long should they wait before taking a flight?
- 12 hrs if flight is below 8,000’ MSL
- 24 hrs if flying above 8,000’ MSL
