Aggression - Mr M

Question 1

Define aggression

Answer 1

Hostile behaviour intent to harm outside the rules

Question 2

What is assertion?

Answer 2

Well motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 3

What is the Instinct Theory?

Answer 3

• The aggressive response is innate
• It is a product of our evolution and will surface under provacation (provoking)
• Players use sport as an outlet for built-up aggressive energy (catharsis)

Question 4

What is the evaluation of the instinct theory?

Answer 4

• Aggression may not be spontaneous
• Aggression is pre-planned/learning
• Evolution, not all aggressive
• Performers in aggressive sports calmer away from the game - through catharsis

Question 5

What does ASIF stand for or how can we explain it?

Answer 5

Aggression-Cue Hypothesis
Social Learning Theory
Instinct Theory
Frustration-Cue Hypothesis

Question 6

What is catharsis?

Answer 6

Cleansing the emotions using sports as an outlet for aggression

Question 7

What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Answer 7

• Aggresion is inevitable when frustrating circumstances cause our goals to be blocked
  Catharsis Obstacle —> Frustration —> Inevitable aggression^

Question 8

What is the Aggression-Cue Hypothesis?

Answer 8

A theory which suggests aggression is caused by a learned trigger and only occurs when the learned “cues” are present

Question 9

How can we explain the Aggression-Cue Hypothesis?

Answer 9

• pre-learned cues from coaches and other players trigger the aggressive response
  E.g. The coach allowing players to elbow opposing players in the penalty box to work for positions,due to the unfairness, the corner being taken will cause an aggressive response.

Question 10

What is the order of aggression in the Aggression-Cue Hypothesis?

Answer 10

Goals blocked - Arousal - Cues present - Aggression likely

No cues present - Aggression Unlikely

Question 11

What does the social learning theory state about aggression?

Answer 11

Aggression is learned from experience, coaches, role models & significant others
Aggressive behaviour will be copied if reinforced - poor challenge from captain in the late stages of the game copied by another player to waste time.

Question 12

What are the strategies to prevent aggression?

Answer 12

• Don’t reinforce acts in training
• Punish players with fines, substitutions and sending off
• Mental rehearsal to reduce arousal(cognitive techniques)
• Teach relaxation,stress management, calming players down
• Set goals on performance not outcome
• Reinforce assertion in training
• Applying the rules consistently and fairly
• Pointing out responsibility
• Walking away from the situation
• Applying the sanctions immediately
• Non-aggressive goals