Who gets more cancer? Men or women?
Men - also get more infectious disease
For hu, life span is ~____
110 yrs
*but vew few ever reach this adv age
Higher the metabolic rate _____ the lifespan
shorter
Most components of your body (water, solids, bone minerals) becomes smaller, except____
fat
How much of the brain volume is lost between ages 35-60? What is it primarily due to?
10%
- mainly due to loss of myelin
- often mild problems with cognition, memory
Lung changes in elderly
Loss of elastic tissue
Accumulation of anthracotic pigment.
Wear and tear pigment
- what is it?
- what is it a product of?
Lipofuscin
- accumulates in heart and liver
- product of peroxidation of unsaturated FA
First leading cause of death in elderly
atherosclerosis
What helps contribute to tortuous look of varicose veins in elderly?
Loss of valves
decreased integrity
_____% of those > 80 y/o has alzheimer’s and parkinson’s
20%
Evidence for Clock theory
Somatic cells are “programmed” to die after they have undergone a set # of cell divisions
- governed by telomeres (long tandem repeats of TTAGGG)
Progeria
mutation in Lamin A gene
- intermediate filament present in nucleus that tethers chromosome to nuclear envelope
Age 1 gene regulates metabolism
- mutation = ?
Insulin like GF receptor gene mutation
mutation inactivates P3K
- slows down metabolism
Mut slows down met. as well
*these mutations increase life span
Gene that increases longevity if it is overproduced
Sir2- encodes histone deacetylase that promotes gene “silencing”.
If you overproduce SOD, does lifespan increase or decrease?
Increase
- supports theory that oxidative damage may be responsible for aging phenotype
MtDNA effects in aging
Higher age –>
More mutation in MtDNA –>
Cant be repaired well –>
Decrease in ability to undergo oxidative phosphorylation and ROS increases
Inhibition of mTOR mimics ____
caloric restriction, which can lead to longer lifespan
mTOR is on when your body has lots of nutrients –>
Promotes synth of more ribosomes and proteins
