What happens to skin elasticity with aging?
Skin becomes less elastic, thin, and fragile
How do nail typically change with age?
They become tougher, brittle, and thick
What causes hair to turn grey or white?
Loss of pigment in hair strands
What is presbycusis?
Age-related bilateral high-tone hearing loss
What is the leading cause of blindness in older adults?
Age related macular degeneration
Which eye disorder is most common in older adults?
Cataracts
What functional consequence results from decreased muscle mass?
Loss of strength and balance
What degenerative joint disease is nearly universal with aging?
Osteoarthritis
What are two intrinsic risk factors for falls in older adults?
Poor balance
Gait disorder
What cardiovascular change increases peripheral resistance?
Stiffening of vasculature
What is one modifiable cardiovascular risk factor?
Hypertension
What respiratory change increase susceptibility to infections?
Diminished cough reflex
What bladder change contributes to urinary urgency?
Decreased bladder capacity
How does aging affect sleep depth?
Less time spent in deep sleep
Which lifestyles factors can accelerate skin aging?
Smoking, sun exposure, poor nutrition
Which sense decline normally with aging and affect quality of life?
Smell and taste
What structural change in hair leads to thinning in women?
Reduced density of hair strands across the scalp
Which age related eye change reduces tear production?
Atrophy of the ciliary muscle
What visual symptom signals macular denegation?
Dark or empty area in the center of vision
Which tones are most affected first in presbycusis?
High
What musculoskeletal change contributes to people becoming shorter with age?
Bone loss
Vertebral compression
Which symptoms distinguishes osteoarthritis from other joint diseases?
Progressive cartilage denegation causing stiffness and deformity
What are two cognitive factors that increase fall risk?
Depression
Cognitive impairment
Which respiratory change raises energy expenditure for breathing?
Decreased elasticity of lung tissue
