Agonists

Question 0

Norepinephrine

Answer 0

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist, catecholamine
• Mainly alpha effects
• vasoconstriction, inc BP, reflex bradycardia
• indicated in some hypotensive states, but it restricts blood flow to the kidneys, so others are better

Question 1

Epinephrine

Answer 1

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist, catecholamine
• alpha and beta receptors (dose specific)
• increased cardiac contractility and heart rate, decreased TPR, bronchodilation, hyperglycemia
• indicated in bronchospasm, open angle GLAUCOMA, anaphylactic shock, restore rhythm during cardiac arrests, prolong anesthetics
• adverse effects: anxiety, fear, tension, headache, tremor, inc BP, possible cerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema

Question 2

Isoprotenrenol

Answer 2

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist, catecholamine
• beta receptors
• increase HR and contraction, decrease TPR, bronchodilation
• used to stimulate the heart in emergency situations (rarely used as a bronchodilator)

Question 3

Dopamine

Answer 3

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist, catecholamine
• Alpha effects with high dose, beta and dopaminergic effects at normal doses
• indicated in shock (causes vasodilation in the kidneys, positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
• adverse effects: sympathetic stimulation

Question 4

Dobutamine

Answer 4

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist, catecholamine
• beta 1
• increases CO with few heart rate/vascular effects
• indicated in congestive heart failure
• adverse effects: can increase ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation

Question 5

Phenylephrine

Answer 5

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist
• alpha 1
• vasoconstriction, increases BP, causes reflex bradycardia
• indicated as a nasal decongestant, mydriatic, raise BP, vasopressor for hypotension

Question 6

Clonidine

Answer 6

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist
• Alpha 2
• indicated in hypertension, ADHD in conjunction with impulsive behavior and multiple other indications
• reduces BP and produces inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor centers

Question 7

Metaproterenol

Answer 7

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist
• beta 2
• bronchodilator
• adverse reactions: CNS stimulation, muscle tremors, increased HR

Question 8

Terbutaline

Answer 8

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist
• beta 2
• bronchodilator and reduces uterine contractions in premature labor

Question 9

Albuterol

Answer 9

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist
• beta 2
• bronchodilator: DOC in asthmatics

Question 10

Salmetrol

Answer 10

• Direct acting adrenergic agonist
• beta 2
• bronchodilator: long acting, used for maintenance, not rescue
• dangerous

Question 11

Amphetamine

Answer 11

• Indirect acting adrenergic agonist
• CNS and CV effects (inc BP, HR, contraction)
• indicated in ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite control
• adverse effects: restlessness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension

Question 12

Tyramine

Answer 12

• Indirect acting adrenergic agonist
• not a therapeutic agent
• found in fermented products
• not usually a problem unless taken with MAO inhibitors

Question 13

Ephedrine

Answer 13

• Mixed action adrenergic agonist
• increases BP, bronchodilation, enhances muscle contractility, CNS stimulation (inc alertness, decreased fatigue, prevent sleep)
• indicated in asthma (rare), nasal decongestant (rare), hypotension

Question 14

Pseudoephedrine

Answer 14

• Mixed action adrenergic agonist
• decongestant (alpha receptors)
• adverse effects: inc BP, HR, contraction; stroke