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Question 2

What is muscle contraction?

Answer 2

When muscle fibers shorten to create movement

Muscle contraction is essential for all types of movement in the body.

Question 3

Define skeletal muscle.

Answer 3

Voluntary muscle attached to bones

Skeletal muscle is responsible for movements such as walking and lifting.

Question 4

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 4

Involuntary muscle found in the heart

Cardiac muscle is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

Question 5

Define smooth muscle.

Answer 5

Involuntary muscle in organs

Smooth muscle controls movements in internal organs such as the intestines.

Question 6

Name the three things required for muscle contraction.

Answer 6

• ATP
• Calcium
• Nerve signal

These elements are crucial for initiating and sustaining muscle contractions.

Question 7

What are the two proteins in the sarcomere?

Answer 7

• Actin
• Myosin

These proteins interact to facilitate muscle contraction.

Question 8

Which muscle causes stomach contractions?

Answer 8

Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle contractions help in digestion.

Question 9

What does calcium bind to during contraction?

Answer 9

Troponin

This binding initiates the contraction process in muscle fibers.

Question 10

Define independent variable.

Answer 10

The variable that is changed

In experiments, the independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect.

Question 11

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 11

The variable that is measured

The dependent variable responds to changes in the independent variable.

Question 12

What is a ligament?

Answer 12

Connects bone to bone

Ligaments provide stability to joints.

Question 13

Why does grip strength decrease over time?

Answer 13

Muscle fatigue from low ATP

ATP depletion affects muscle performance.

Question 14

Define hinge joint.

Answer 14

Flexion and extension

Hinge joints allow movement in one plane, like the elbow.

Question 15

What is a planar joint?

Answer 15

Gliding movement

Planar joints allow bones to slide over one another, like in the wrist.

Question 16

Define ball and socket joint.

Answer 16

Movement in all directions

Ball and socket joints, like the shoulder, allow for a wide range of motion.

Question 17

What is a pivot joint?

Answer 17

Rotation around an axis

Pivot joints allow for rotational movement, such as in the neck.

Question 18

Give an example of a hinge joint.

Answer 18

Elbow or knee

These joints enable bending and straightening actions.

Question 19

What is an example of a planar joint?

Answer 19

Wrist or ankle small bones

These joints allow for limited gliding movements.

Question 20

Name an example of a ball and socket joint.

Answer 20

Shoulder or hip

These joints provide extensive movement capabilities.

Question 21

What is an example of a pivot joint?

Answer 21

Neck (atlas/axis)

This joint allows for the rotation of the head.

Question 22

Which joint has the highest mobility?

Answer 22

Shoulder

The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of movements.

Question 23

What does an EKG track?

Answer 23

Electrical activity of the heart

An EKG is used to assess heart health.

Question 24

Define flexion.

Answer 24

Bending a joint; angle decreases

Flexion is a common movement in many exercises.

Question 25

What is **extension**?

Answer 25

Straightening a joint; angle increases ## Footnote Extension is the opposite of flexion.

Question 26

What should be in a **care/rehab plan**?

Answer 26

* Goals * Treatments * Exercises * Safety * Timeline ## Footnote A comprehensive plan is essential for effective rehabilitation.

Question 27

What does **superior** mean?

Answer 27

Above ## Footnote This term is used in anatomical directions.

Question 28

Define **inferior**.

Answer 28

Below ## Footnote Inferior is used to describe locations lower than another structure.

Question 29

What does **superficial** mean?

Answer 29

Toward the surface ## Footnote Superficial structures are closer to the skin.

Question 30

Define **deep**.

Answer 30

Farther inside ## Footnote Deep structures are located away from the surface.

Question 31

What does **proximal** mean?

Answer 31

Closer to point of attachment ## Footnote Proximal is often used to describe limbs.

Question 32

Define **distal**.

Answer 32

Farther from point of attachment ## Footnote Distal is used to describe locations further away from the trunk.

Question 33

What is a **fixed, immovable joint made of collagen**?

Answer 33

Suture ## Footnote Sutures are found in the skull.

Question 34

What does **kinesiology tape in a fan shape** do?

Answer 34

Reduces swelling and supports movement ## Footnote Kinesiology tape is often used in sports medicine.

Question 35

Which joint has the **greatest range of motion**?

Answer 35

Shoulder ## Footnote The shoulder joint allows for extensive movement in multiple directions.

Question 36

Name exercises for **ACL/MCL rehab**.

Answer 36

* Quad sets * Straight-leg raises * Heel slides * Mini squats * Step-ups ## Footnote These exercises help restore strength and mobility.

Question 37

What movement is most impacted by an **ACL tear**?

Answer 37

Forward knee stability (tibia sliding) ## Footnote ACL tears significantly affect knee function.

Question 38

Why is the **patella** a sesamoid bone?

Answer 38

It’s embedded in a tendon ## Footnote The patella helps with knee extension.

Question 39

What is **strong, flexible tissue that protects joints and absorbs shock**?

Answer 39

Cartilage ## Footnote Cartilage is crucial for joint health and function.