AIDS

Question 1

Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS?

Answer 1

Reduction in CD4+ Helper T Cell, leading to immune system deficit

Question 2

What is Stage 1? Symptoms?

Answer 2

Stage 1 Acute HIV infection:

• Flu-like illness within 2-4 weeks after infection

[Fever, chills, night sweats, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, rash, muscle aches]

Question 3

What is Stage 2? Symptoms?

Answer 3

Stage 2 Clinical Latency:

• Asymptomatic, can last a decade or longer

Question 4

What is Stage 3? Symptoms?

Answer 4

Stage 3 AIDS:

• Body cannot fight of infections
• Opportunistic infections/illnesses

Question 5

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 5

Contact of bodily fluids:

• Blood
• Semen, Pre-Seminal Fluid
• Rectal Fluids
• Vaginal Fluids
• Breast Milk

Needles or Syringe

Question 6

High Risk Behaviors that can lead to transmission?

Answer 6

• Unprotected sex (Anal or Vaginal)
• Sharing needles or syringes
• From modth to child during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding

Question 7

Is it common to transmit HIV via Oral Sex?

Answer 7

No, it’s actually rare.

Question 8

What bodily fluids is HIV not transmitted by?

Answer 8

• Saliva
• Tears
• Sweat

Question 9

What CD4 Cell Count is Positive for a Diagnosis of HIV?

Answer 9

500 - 1200 cells/mm

Question 10

CD4 Cell count for a diagnosis of AIDS? Other criteria?

Answer 10

• CD4 Cell Count < 200 cell/mm
• Development of certain opportunistic illnesses
• Aids-Related Complex (ARC): acute symptoms secondary to immune system deficiency

Question 11

What opportunistic infections are “AIDS-Defining” Conditions? (More of a Cool Fact)P

Answer 11

• Pneumocystis Pneumonia
• Candiditis
• Cytomegalovirus
• Toxoplasmosis

Question 12

Affects/Conditions of the CNS?

Answer 12

• Focal Encephalitis
• Meningitis
• Dementia

Question 13

Medical Interventions for HIV?

Answer 13

Antiretroviral Therapies (ARTs); used to reduce amount of viral load

• Not a cure, but can keep a person healthier

Question 14

Red Flags for a Patient on ARTs?

Answer 14

• Rash
• Nausea/Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Pain and Fatigue

Question 15

Exercise intensity best suited for patients with HIV/AIDS?

Answer 15

Moderate Exercise Program

Question 16

Aerobic Exercise Recommendations?

Answer 16

20 minutes 3/week working up to 45 min - hour 3-4/week

Question 17

Are contact sport recommended?

Answer 17

No, secondary to increased risk of bleeding

Question 18

Education pieces for PT?

Answer 18

• Activity pacing; balancing resit with activity
• Energy Conservation
• Stress Management

Question 19

Precautions Healthcare workers need to take when working with this population?

Answer 19

Take Standard Precautions; may fluctuate on what PPE is needed depending on the task