AKI

Question 1

CKD

Answer 1

structural or functional kidney abnormalities that persist for >3months +/- decreased eGFR - most commonly manifests as persistent albuminuria

Question 2

AKI

Answer 2

abrupt decrease in kidney function which encompasses injury and impairment - mixed aetiology where sepsis, ischaemia and nephrotoxicity co-exist

Question 3

Quantifying AKI

Answer 3

• Increase in creatinine by >0.3 mg/dl within 48h OR
• Increase in creatinine to >1.5x baseline which has occurred within a week OR
• Urine volume <0.5ml/kg/hr for 6 hours

Question 4

Urea

Answer 4

Made in liver from protein breakdown

Removed by glomeruli filtration

Question 5

Creatinine

Answer 5

Produced from muscle - proportional to muscle mass

Question 6

Which amino acids are in creatinine

Answer 6

Glycine and arginine

Question 7

AKI risk factors

Answer 7

Age
Co-morbiditieis
Medications

Question 8

Post renal causes of AKI

Answer 8

ureteral obstruction (stones tumours etc)
bladder outflow obstruction (neurogenic bladder, prostate cancer)

Question 9

Renal causes of AKI

Answer 9

Vasculitis
GN
ATN - ischaemic or nephrotoxic

Question 10

Pre-renal causes of AKI

Answer 10

Hypovolaemia
Decreased CO
Decreased plasma volume 
vascular occlusion. 
ACEi, NSAIDs