AKI

Question 1

What are the pre-renal causes of AKI?

Answer 1

Hypovolaemia (due to haemorrhage, gastro-intestinal losses, renal losses, burns)

Reduced cardiac output (e.g. cardiac failure, liver failure, sepsis, drugs)

Question 2

What are the renal causes of AKI?

Answer 2

1. Drugs (NSAIDs, ACEi)
2. Vascular (vasculitis, thrombosis, athero/thromboembolism, dissection)
3. Glomerular (e.g. glomerulonephritis)
4. Tubular (e.g. ischaemia, rhabdomyolysis, myeloma, contrast)
5. Interstitial (e.g. intersatital nephritis)

Question 3

What are the post-renal causes of AKI?

Answer 3

Obstruction (e.g. renal stones, pyonephrosis, blocked catheters, pelvic mass, enlarged prostate, cervical carcinoma, retroperitoneal fibrosis).